決

Translingual

Han character

決 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水木大 (EDK), four-corner 3513₀, composition ⿰氵夬)

Derived characters

𢭯, 𧻯, 𬚇, 𪁠, 𦯊

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 609, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17174
Dae Jaweon: page 1001, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1574, character 3
Unihan data for U+6C7A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 決
Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (夬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
袂	*mɡʷeds
夬	*kʷraːds
快	*kʰʷraːds
駃	kʰʷraːds, kʷeːd
筷	*kʰʷraːds
炔	*kʷeːds
觖	kʰʷeds, kʷeːd
缺	kʰʷed, kʰʷeːd
蒛	*kʰʷed
吷	*qʰʷed
妜	qʷed, qʷeːd
決	kʷeːd, qʰʷeːd
訣	*kʷeːd
抉	kʷeːd, qʷeːd
玦	*kʷeːd
芵	*kʷeːd
赽	*kʷeːd
鴂	*kʷeːd
鈌	*kʷeːd
决	*kʷeːd
疦	kʷeːd, qʰʷeːd
蚗	*kʷeːd
趹	*kʷeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷeːd, *qʰʷeːd) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 夬 (OC *kʷraːds).

Etymology

Possibly a derivative of 夬 (OC *kʷraːds, “to split”).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		決/决
simp.		决
alternative forms		𣲺

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jué (jue²)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄝˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kyut³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiet / kiat
Eastern Min (BUC): giók
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): koat

(Teochew, Peng'im): guag⁴ / guêg⁴
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷ciuq; ⁷cioq / ⁷ciuq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jué
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyué
  - Wade–Giles: chüeh²
  - Yale: jywé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyue
  - Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kyut³
  - Yale: kyut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kyt⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: küd³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiet
  - Hakka Romanization System: gied^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiat
  - Hakka Romanization System: giad^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯at̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyɔʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
  - Tâi-lô: kuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koad
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kuat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuat̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guag⁴ / guêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuak / kuek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuak̚²/, /kuek̚²/

Note:

guag4 - Shantou;
guêg4 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷ciuq; ⁷cioq
  - MiniDict: ciuih^入; cioh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴jyq; ⁴jioq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕioʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁷ciuq
  - MiniDict: ciuih^入
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 決
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕyɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕye⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕyə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕyə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕyɛ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕyu⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕyə⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕyɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕye²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕye³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕyeʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕyɛ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕye²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕyæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kiat̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kiet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰyt̚³/
	Nanning	/kʰyt̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kʰyt̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kuat̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kyɔʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kyɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kuak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kit̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: kwet

Rime
Character	決
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屑 (88)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	古穴切
Baxter	kwet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwɛt̚/
Li Rong	/kuet̚/
Wang Li	/kiwet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kiwet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jue
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gyut³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷˤet/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷeːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	決	決
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jué	jué
Middle Chinese	‹ kwet ›	‹ kwet ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷˁet/	/*[k]ʷˁet/
English	open a passage for a stream	open; decide
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	決
Reading #	1/2
No.	4416
Phonetic component	夬
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	玦
Old Chinese	/*kʷeːd/

Definitions

決

^† to dredge; to dig
to burst; to break; to breach
to decide; to determine
Synonym: 定 (dìng)
to decide the outcome; to contest
to judge; to pronounce the verdict
definitely; certainly; absolutely (with a negative)
to execute; to put to death
1. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to execute by shooting
(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to duel; to fight a decisive battle or struggle
Alternative form of 訣／诀 (jué, “to part; to bid farewell”)
^† Alternative form of 抉 (jué, “to gouge; to pick out”)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (決):

→ Vietnamese: quyết (決)

Pronunciation 2

trad.		決/决
simp.		决
alternative forms		𣲺吷𦐍𦐋

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xuè (xue⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hyut³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuè
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh⁴
  - Yale: sywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiueh
  - Palladius: сюэ (sjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hyut³
  - Yale: hyut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hyt⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: hüd³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːt̚³/

Middle Chinese: xwet

Rime
Character	決
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	屑 (88)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	呼決切
Baxter	xwet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hwet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwɛt̚/
Li Rong	/xuet̚/
Wang Li	/xiwet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xiwet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xue
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hyut³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷeːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	決
Reading #	2/2
No.	4432
Phonetic component	夬
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	血
Old Chinese	/*qʰʷeːd/

Definitions

決

^† fast

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

trad.		決/决
simp.		决
alternative forms		缺

Mandarin
(Pinyin): quē (que¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kyut³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: quē
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyue
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüeh¹
  - Yale: chywē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiue
  - Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kyut³
  - Yale: kyut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kyt⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: küd³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyːt̚³/

Definitions

決

^† to be breached; to be torn (of clothes); alternative form of 缺 (quē)

Compounds

References

“決”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

決

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: けち (kechi)^{←けち (keti, historical)}^{←くゑち (kweti, ancient)}
Kan-on: けつ (ketsu, Jōyō)^{←けつ (ketu, historical)}^{←くゑつ (kwetu, ancient)}
Kun: きまる (kimaru, 決まる, Jōyō)、きめる (kimeru, 決める, Jōyō)、さくる (sakuru, 決る)、しゃくる (shakuru, 決る)

Compounds

Derived terms

決(けっ)する (kessuru): to make up one's mind, to determine (to do something)
決(けっ)して (kesshite): (followed by a negative verb) never, not at all

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 決 (MC kwet).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᄀᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: kyyélq)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	결ᄒᆞᆯ (Yale: kyel-hol)	결 (Yale: kyel)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjʌ̹ɭ]
Phonetic hangul: [결]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

決

Wikisource

決 (eumhun 결단할 결 (gyeoldanhal gyeol))

hanja form^? of 결 (“to decide; to determine; to judge”) [affix]

Compounds

가결 (可決, gagyeol)
기결 (旣決, gigyeol)
결단 (決斷, gyeoldan)
결렬 (決裂, gyeollyeol)
결산 (決算, gyeolsan)
결선 (決選, gyeolseon)
결승 (決勝, gyeolseung)
결사 (決死, gyeolsa)
결심 (決心, gyeolsim)
결의 (決意, gyeorui)
결전 (決戰, gyeoljeon)
결정 (決定, gyeoljeong)
결제 (決濟, gyeolje)
결판 (決判, gyeolpan)
대결 (對決, daegyeol)
미결 (未決, migyeol)
선결 (先決, seon'gyeol)
부결 (否決, bugyeol)
의결 (議決, uigyeol)
자결 (自決, jagyeol)
판결 (判決, pan'gyeol)
평결 (評決, pyeonggyeol)
표결 (表決, pyogyeol)
해결 (解決, haegyeol)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

決: Hán Nôm readings: quyết

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.