括

括	U+62EC, 括 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62EC

Translingual

Han character

括 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹十口 (QHJR), four-corner 5206₄, composition ⿰扌舌)

Derived characters

𰄷, 𠸓, 𣸅, 葀, 𰪆, 𣕔, 𮖔

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 427, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11988
Dae Jaweon: page 776, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1870, character 1
Unihan data for U+62EC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		括
alternative forms		𢬸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
咶	qʰroːds, qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話	*ɡroːds
刮	*kroːd
鴰	kroːd, koːd
趏	kroːd, kʰroːd
舌	ɡroːd, ɦbljed
姡	ɡroːd, ɡoːd
頢	ɡroːd, koːd
括	*koːd
活	koːd, ɡoːd
适	koːd, kʰoːd
栝	koːd, l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸	koːd, ɡoːd
髺	*koːd
聒	*koːd
銛	koːd, slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀	*koːd
懖	*koːd
筈	koːd, kʰoːd
萿	*koːd
蛞	*kʰoːd
闊	*kʰoːd
秳	*ɡoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːd) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuò, guā

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ, ㄍㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kut³ / gwaat³
Eastern Min (BUC): guák
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): koat / khoat / koah

(Teochew, Peng'im): guag⁴ / guêg⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷kuaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuò
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuo⁴
  - Yale: kwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuoh
  - Palladius: ко (ko)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guā
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gua
  - Wade–Giles: kua¹
  - Yale: gwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
  - Palladius: гуа (gua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kut³ / gwaat³
  - Yale: kut / gwaat
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kut⁸ / gwaat⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: kud³ / guad³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuːt̚³/, /kʷaːt̚³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: guák
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɑʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
  - Tâi-lô: kuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koad
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoat
  - Tâi-lô: khuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoad
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰuat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuat̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah
  - Tâi-lô: kuah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaq
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuaʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuaʔ³²/

Note:

koat/khoat - literary;
koah - vernacular (“Classifier for groups of people”).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: guag⁴ / guêg⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuak / kuek
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuak̚²/, /kuek̚²/

Note:

guag4 - Shantou;
guêg4 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷kuaq
  - MiniDict: kuah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴kuaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kuaʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: kwat

Rime
Character	括
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	末 (64)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古活切
Baxter	kwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwat̚/
Li Rong	/kuɑt̚/
Wang Li	/kuɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gut³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*koːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	括
Reading #	1/1
No.	7567
Phonetic component	桰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	括
Old Chinese	/*koːd/
Notes	從氏下口聲同有塞義

Definitions

括

^† to tie; to tie up; to tie together
^† to seek; to search for
to embrace; to enclose
to include; to encompass
to enclose in brackets
a surname
(Hokkien) Classifier for groups of people.

Synonyms

(group of people): 伙 (huǒ), 幫子／帮子 (bāngzi), 群 (qún)

Compounds

Descendants

→ Thai: กวด (gùuat)

Japanese

Kanji

括

(Jōyō kanji)

fasten, tie up, arrest, constrict (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Readings

Go-on: かち (kachi)
Kan-on: かつ (katsu, Jōyō)
Kun: くくる (kukuru, 括る)、くくり (kukuri)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 括 (MC kwat). Recorded as Middle Korean 괄〮 (kwál) (Yale: kwal) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

括

Wikisource

括 (eumhun 묶을 괄 (mukkeul gwal))

hanja form^? of 괄 (“inclusion; encompass”)

Compounds

총괄 (總括, chonggwal, “general; overall; summary”)
일괄 (一括, ilgwal, “doing in bulk; in a lump sum; lump package”)
포괄 (包括, pogwal, “comprehensiveness”)
괄호 (括弧, gwalho, “a parenthesis; a bracket”)
통괄 (統括, tonggwal, “unification”)
괄약근 (括約筋, gwaryakgeun, “(anatomy) sphincter”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

括: Hán Nôm readings: quát, khoát, quất, quét

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