忝

See also: 㤁

忝	U+5FDD, 忝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FDD

← 応
[U+5FDC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

忞 →
[U+5FDE]

Translingual

Han character

忝 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹大心 (HKP) or 一大心 (MKP), four-corner 2033₃, composition ⿱天㣺(GHTKV) or ⿱夭㣺(J))

Derived characters

添, 舔, 掭, 悿, 婖, 㖭, 㮇, 䋬, 𡍞, 𤲖, 𥪌, 𢧏, 𧨩, 𩋅, 𩡋, 𫔗, 𬁮, 菾

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10348
Dae Jaweon: page 704, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2279, character 5
Unihan data for U+5FDD

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (天) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
添	*tʰiːm
忝	l̥ʰiːmʔ, l̥ʰiːms
悿	*tʰiːmʔ
舔	*l̥ʰiːmʔ
菾	*diːm
天	*qʰl'iːn
吞	qʰl'iːn, qʰl'ɯːn
祆	*qʰliːn
蚕	zluːm, hl'iːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) : phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		忝
alternative forms		㤁

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tiǎn (tian³)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tim² / tim⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiǎn
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien³
  - Yale: tyǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tean
  - Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: tim² / tim⁵
  - Yale: tím / tíhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tim² / tim⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: tim² / tim⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːm³⁵/, /tʰiːm¹³/

Middle Chinese: themX, themH

Rime
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	添 (157)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	他玷切	他念切
Baxter	themX	themH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰem^X/	/tʰem^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰem^X/	/tʰem^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛm^X/	/tʰɛm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛm^X/	/tʰɛm^H/
Li Rong	/tʰem^X/	/tʰem^H/
Wang Li	/tʰiem^X/	/tʰiem^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰiem^X/	/tʰiem^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiǎn	tiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim²	tim³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ/, /*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰiːmʔ/, /*l̥ʰiːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiǎn	tiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ them^X ›	‹ them^H ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁ[i]mʔ/	/*l̥ˁ[i]mʔ-s/
English	disgrace (v.)	disgrace
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12382	12385
Phonetic component	天	天
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	忝	㮇
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰiːmʔ/	/*l̥ʰiːms/

Definitions

忝

(literary) to shame
(literary, self-deprecatory) ashamedly; with disgrace

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		忝

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thiám

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiám
  - Tâi-lô: thiám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiarm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiam⁴¹/

Definitions

忝

(Hokkien) Alternative form of 悿 (“tired; serious”)

References

“Entry #3894”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

忝

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): てん (ten)
Kun: かたじけない (katajikenai, 忝い)

Korean

Hanja

忝 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

忝: Hán Nôm readings: thỏm, thiểm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation