徹

See also: 彻

徹	U+5FB9, 徹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FB9

← 徸
[U+5FB8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

徺 →
[U+5FBA]

Translingual

Han character

徹 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+11 in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 彳+12 in Chinese (mainland China, Hong Kong), Japanese and Korean, 14 strokes in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 15 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 竹人卜月大 (HOYBK), four-corner 2824₀, composition ⿲彳育攵 or ⿰彳𰕎)

Derived characters

𤁲, 𣰪, 𨇂, 𠖢, 𡫠, 勶
撤, 轍

Related characters

微徵 (徴)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 371, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10245
Dae Jaweon: page 698, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 844, character 7
Unihan data for U+5FB9

Chinese

trad.		徹
simp.		彻^*
alternative forms		澈撤

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (徹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
徹	*tʰed
撤	tʰed, ded
澈	*ded
轍	*ded

Oracle bone inscriptions: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鬲 (“pot”) + 又 (“hand”) – a hand removing utensils after eating. Bronze inscriptions replaced 又 with 攵 to emphasize action.

In seal script 彳 was added to further emphasize action, and what was originally a pot had corrupted into the unrelated 育.

Etymology

The r-causative of 逝 (OC *ɦljeds) (Schuessler, 2007).

Cognate with 撤 (OC *tʰed, *ded, “to take away”), 滯 (OC *dads, “to discard; to leave over; to accumulate”) and perhaps 適 (OC *tjeɡ, “to go”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chè (che⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cit³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chha̍t
Jin (Wiktionary): cah⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thiat / theh

(Teochew, Peng'im): tiêg⁴ / tiag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chè
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻê⁴
  - Yale: chè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheh
  - Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cit³
  - Yale: chit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: qid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chha̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: cad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cah⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰaʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiat / theh
  - Tâi-lô: thiat / theh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiad, teq
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛt̚⁵/, /tʰeʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/

Note:

thiat - literary;
theh - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: tiêg⁴ / tiag⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiek / thiak
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiek̚²/, /tʰiak̚²/

Note:

tiêg4 - Chaozhou;
tiag4 - Shantou.

Middle Chinese: drjet, trhjet

Rime
Character	徹	徹
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	薛 (83)	薛 (83)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直列切	丑列切
Baxter	drjet	trhjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiᴇt̚/	/ʈʰˠiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚiɛt̚/	/ʈʰᵚiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiæt̚/	/ȶʰiæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖiat̚/	/ʈʰiat̚/
Li Rong	/ȡjɛt̚/	/ȶʰjɛt̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭɛt̚/	/ȶʰĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ɛt̚/	/ȶʰi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhé	che
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zit⁶	cit³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[tʰ]ret/, /*m-tʰret/, /*tʰret/

(Zhengzhang): /*tʰed/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	徹	徹	徹	徹
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chè	chè	chè	chè
Middle Chinese	‹ drjet ›	‹ drjet ›	‹ trhjet ›	‹ trhjet ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[tʰ]ret/	/*m-tʰret/	/*tʰret/	/*tʰret/
English	penetrate	divide land acc. to a certain share system	divide land acc. to a certain share system	penetrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	徹
Reading #	1/1
No.	1319
Phonetic component	徹
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	屮
Old Chinese	/*tʰed/

Definitions

徹

to penetrate; to pierce; to pervade
(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 徹 (MC trhjet)
Alternative form of 澈 (chè, “clear”)
Alternative form of 撤 (chè, “to remove”)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

徹

(Jōyō kanji)

penetrate

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
徹
てつ > てっ Grade: S
kan'on

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [te̞ʔ]

Verb

徹(てっ)する • (te' suru) suru (stem 徹(てっ)し (te' shi), past 徹(てっ)した (te' shita))

to penetrate
to dedicate oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of "徹する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	徹し	てっし	te' shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	徹し	てっし	te' shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	徹する	てっする	te' suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	徹する	てっする	te' suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	徹すれ	てっすれ	te' sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	徹せよ¹ 徹しろ²	てっせよ¹ てっしろ²	te' seyo¹ te' shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	徹される	てっされる	te' sareru
Causative	徹させる徹さす	てっさせるてっさす	te' saseru te' sasu
Potential	徹できる	てっできる	te' dekiru
Volitional	徹しよう	てっしよう	te' shiyō
Negative	徹しない	てっしない	te' shinai
Negative continuative	徹せず	てっせず	te' sezu
Formal	徹します	てっします	te' shimasu
Perfective	徹した	てっした	te' shita
Conjunctive	徹して	てっして	te' shite
Hypothetical conditional	徹すれば	てっすれば	te' sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Proper noun

徹(あきら) or 徹(とおる) • (Akira or Tōru)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

徹 (eum 철 (cheol))

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Vietnamese

Han character

徹: Hán Nôm readings: triệt, trẹt, trê, trệt, trịt, trít, xẹt

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