一人

一人

1. a person; one person; someone

   這件事並非你一人之力能夠定乾坤的。 [MSC, trad.]
   这件事并非你一人之力能够定乾坤的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè jiàn shì bìngfēi nǐ yīrén zhī lì nénggòu dìng qiánkūn de. [Pinyin]

   This course of events cannot be determined by you alone.

2. (historical) emperor

一人

1. by one person; alone
2. one person each

   一人一個／一人一个  ―  yīrén yīge  ―  one each (literally, “one for each person”)

   你兩個一人少句啦！ [Cantonese, trad.]
   你两个一人少句啦！ [Cantonese, simp.]

   nei⁵ loeng⁵ go³ jat¹ jan⁴ siu² geoi³ laa¹! [Jyutping]

   You two, stop quarrelling! (literally, “You two, each speak a sentence less!”)

• (Hakka) 單儕／单侪

From Old Japanese.

Derived from 一 (hito, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-ri, counter for persons).

Compare Old Japanese 一人 (pi₁dari → hidari).

• (Tokyo) ひとり [hìtóꜜrì] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [çi̥to̞ɾʲi]

一(ひと)人(り) • (hitori) 

1. one person

   一人(ひとり)で暮(く)らす ― hitori de kurasu ― to live by oneself (without companions)

   一人(ひとり)カラオケ／ヒトカラ ― hitori karaoke／hitokara ― one-man karaoke session

   一人(ひとり)の時間(じかん)が好(す)きな人(ひと) ― hitori no jikan ga suki na hito ― person who likes their alone time

2. singleness, singularity

   Synonym: 単独 (tandoku)

3. one's own efforts or strengths

   Synonyms: 自力 (jiriki), 独力 (dokuryoku)

4. an unmarried person, single

   Synonym: 独身 (dokushin)

• Like 二人 (futari), despite its etymology, furigana notations for this word tend not to use mono-ruby by attaching kana to each kanji (一(ひと)人(り)), but group-ruby by attaching all the kana to all the kanji as a whole (一人(ひとり)).

• 小(こ)姑(じゅうと)一人(ひとり)は鬼(おに)千(せん)匹(びき)にむかう (kojūto hitori wa oni senbiki ni mukau)
• 鯛(たい)も一人(ひとり)はうまからず (tai mo hitori wa umakarazu)
• 斗(と)南(なん)の一人(ひとり) (tonan no hitori)

• 娘(むすめ)一人(ひとり)に婿(むこ)八(はち)人(にん) (musume hitori ni muko hachinin)

• 自(じ)分(ぶん) (jibun, “oneself”)

一(ひと)人(り) • (hitori) 

1. solely

   Synonym: 単独で (tandoku de)

2. only, simply

   Synonyms: ただ (tada), ただ単に (tada tan ni), 単に (tan ni)

3. alone, automatically, by itself, naturally

   Synonyms: 自然に (jinen ni), 独りでに (hitoride ni)

一(ひと)人(り) • (Hitori) 

1. a female given name

From Middle Chinese 一人 (MC 'jit nyin).

• (Tokyo) いちにん [ìchíꜜnìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiɲ̟ĩɴ]

一(いち)人(にん) • (ichinin) 

1. one person
2. the first or top person in a particular place or field
3. Synonym of 右大臣 (udaijin): a minister of the right in the imperial Council of State

• 一人(いちにん)虚(きょ)を伝(つた)うれば万(ばん)人(にん)実(じつ)を伝(つた)う (ichinin kyo o tsutaureba bannin jitsu o tsutau)
• 責(せ)め一人(いちにん)に帰(き)す (seme ichinin ni kisu)
• 斗(と)南(なん)の一人(いちにん) (tonan no ichinin)

Compound of Middle Chinese elements 一 (ichi, “one, 1”, goon reading) +‎ 人 (jin, “person”, kan'on reading).

• (Tokyo) いちじん [ìchíꜜjìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiʑĩɴ]

一(いち)人(じん) • (ichijin) 

1. a ruler with a heavenly mandate, especially the Emperor of Japan

   Synonyms: 上一人 (kami ichinin), 上御一人 (kami go-ichinin), 天子 (tenshi), 天皇 (tennō)

• 上(かみ)一(いち)人(じん) (kami ichijin)

Various nanori readings.

一人(かずと) or 一人(かずひと) or 一人(かずんど) or 一人(くにひと) • (Kazuto or Kazuhito or Kazundo or Kunihito) 

1. a male given name

一人 • (irin) (hangeul 일인)

1. hanja form^? of 일인 (“one person”)

• 獨り

From 一 (pi₁to₂, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-ri, counter for persons).

一人 (pi₁to₂ri) (kana ひとり)

1. one person
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 818:
     , text here

     波流佐禮婆麻豆佐久耶登能烏梅能波奈比等利美都都夜波流比久良佐武

     paru sareba madu saku yado₁ no₂ ume₂ no₂ pana pi₁to₂ri mi₁tutu ya parupi₁ kurasamu

     When spring comes and the first plums bloom in your garden, could you spend the long spring days looking on them by yourself?^[1]

2. an unmarried person, single
   • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 65:

     夜多能比登母登須宜波比登理袁理登母意富岐彌斯與斯登岐許佐婆比登理袁理登母

     Yata no₂ pi₁to₂mo₂to₂ suge₂ pa pi₁to₂ri wori to₂ mo₂ opoki₁mi₁ si yo₂si to₂ ki₁ko₂saba pi₁to₂ri wori to₂ mo₂

     Though like the single stalk of Yata sedge, I remain alone, if Your Majesty agrees, It will not matter that I remain alone.^[2]

• 一人子 (pi₁to₂rigo₁)

• Japanese: 一人, 独り (hitori)

• 樫の實の (kasi no₂ mi₂ no₂), pillow word that can allude to pi₁to₂ri

Two possible derivations:

• From 一 (pi₁-, short form of pi₁to₂, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-tari, counter for persons). However, pi₁- was never attested as a short form of pi₁to₂ until the Middle Japanese stage.
• Alternatively, a shift from 一 (pi₁to₂, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-tari, counter for persons):

  ⟨pi₁to₂ tari⟩ → */pʲit̚tari/ → ⟨pi₁dari⟩

Given the shift of -ta to -da due to rendaku (連濁), the second derivation seems likely.

一人 (pi₁dari) (kana ひだり)

1. (rare, possibly regional, Eastern Old Japanese) one person
   • 720, Nihon Shoki, poem 11:

     愛瀰詩烏毗儾利毛毛那比苔比苔破易陪廼毛多牟伽毗毛勢儒

     Emi₁si wo pi₁dari momo na pi₁to₂ pi₁to₂ pa ipe₂do₂ mo tamukapi₁ mo sezu

     A single Emishi is worth a hundred men, so they say, yet they did not resist.