The Woolwich pub bombing was an attack by the Provisional Irish Republican Army on the Kings Arms, Woolwich on the south bank of the Thames in London, United Kingdom.
| Woolwich pub bombing | |
|---|---|
 the pub in 2018 | |
| Location | Woolwich, London, United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 51°29′15″N 0°03′22″E / 51.4874°N 0.0561°E |
| Date | 7 November 1974 10:15 pm (GMT) |
Attack type | Bomb |
| Deaths | 2 |
| Injured | 35 |
| Perpetrator | Provisional Irish Republican Army |
On 7 November 1974, two people were killed in the explosion: Gunner Richard Dunne (aged 42), of the Royal Artillery (whose Barracks was just 100 yards away), and Alan Horsley (aged 20), a sales clerk.[1] A further 35 people, including the landlady, Margaret Nash, were injured. Echoing similar attacks in Guildford the previous month, a bomb, made of 6 lb of gelignite plus shrapnel, had been thrown through the window into the pub.
Initially a left-wing extremist group called Red Flag 74 said it had placed the bomb,[2] but responsibility was subsequently claimed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and specifically by part of the Active Service Unit apprehended in December 1975 at the Balcombe Street Siege. Two of the Guildford Four were wrongfully charged in December 1974 with involvement in the Woolwich pub bombing,[3][4] and their convictions in October 1975 were eventually quashed in 1989 after a long campaign for justice.
The bombing was most likely the work of the Balcombe Street ASU, which claimed sole responsibility during the 1977 trial of four members apprehended at the siege and included Joe O'Connell, who stated from the dock:
We have instructed our lawyers to draw the attention of the court to the fact that four totally innocent people - Carole Richardson, Gerry Conlon, Paul Hill and Paddy Armstrong - are serving massive sentences for three bombings, two in Guildford and one in Woolwich, which three of us and another man now imprisoned, have admitted that we did."[5]
The other three members apprehended at the siege were Hugh Doherty, Eddie Butler and Harry Duggan. Liam Quinn (a US-born member) and Brendan Dowd were also active within the unit. Sentenced to life imprisonment, the 'Balcombe Street four' served 23 years in English prisons until transferred to Portlaoise Prison, County Laois, Republic of Ireland, in early 1998.[6] They were then released in 1999 under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement.[7]
Neither the Woolwich bombing nor the wrongful imprisonments resulted in further charges or convictions. Three British police officers—Thomas Style, John Donaldson and Vernon Attwell—were charged in 1993 with conspiracy to pervert the course of justice, but each was found not guilty.[8]
In continuation of a 'troubles' overseas offensive, the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich were bombed by the IRA in December 1983.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "History repeating itself: Same barracks were targeted by IRA bombers nearly 40 years ago". Express. 23 May 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ "BOMB IN LONDON PUB KILLS ONE, HURTS 26". The New York Times. 8 November 1974. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ An Phoblacht/Republican News, (7 May 1998)
- ^ "Woolwich pub bombing: murder of Alan HORSLEY and Richard Copeland Sloan DUNNE and injury..." National Archives. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ "SEARC'S WEB GUIDE – Joe O'Connell (born 1951)". Searcs-web.com. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
- ^ Balcombe Street gang's reign of terror BBC News. Accessed 26 August 2007
- ^ 1975: Balcombe Street siege ends BBC News "On this day": 12 December 1975
- ^ Kirby, Terry (21 April 1993). "Detectives 'lied about Guildford Four notes': Terry Kirby reports on accusations that police tampered with confessions to gain bomb convictions". University of San Francisco Law Review. The Independent. Retrieved 13 January 2014.