An upazila (Bengali: উপজেলা, romanized: upajēlā, lit. 'sub-district' pronounced: ['upɘdʒeːlaː]), formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads).
| Upazila | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Category | Administrative divisions |
| Location | Bangladesh |
| Created |
|
| Number | 495 |
| Populations | 596,886–1,634,750 |
| Areas | 572–2,829 km2 |
| Government |
|
| Subdivisions |
|
Bangladesh has 495 upazilas.[1][2][3] The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government.
Below UPs, villages (gram) and para exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing thanas as upazilas.[4]
History
editUpazilas were formerly known as thana, which literally means police station. Despite the meaning, thanas functioned much as an administrative and geographic region, much as today's upazilas. In 1982 thanas were re-termed to as upazilas with provisions for semi-autonomous local governance. This system was reverted to the thana system in 1992. Later in 1999 geographic regions under administrations of thanas were converted into upazilas.[5] All administrative terms in this level were renamed from thana to upazila. For instance, thana nirbahi officer (lit. thana executive officer) was renamed upazila nirbahi officer (lit. upazila executive officer).
The word thana is now used to solely refer to police stations. Generally, there is one police station for each upazila, but larger administrative units may have more than one police station covering different regions. However, it was complicated again and currently, Upazilas which combinely form "Administrative Districts" are known as Thanas. For example: Panchlaish Thana, Double Mooring Thana under Chittagong district.
On 26 July 2021, Khandker Anwarul Islam announced the renaming of Dakshin Sunamganj Upazila to "Shantiganj Upazila" as well as the creation of three new upazilas; Eidgaon Upazila in Cox's Bazar District, Madhyanagar Upazila in Sunamganj District and Dasar Upazila in Madaripur District.[6]
Administration
editUpazila nirbahi officer
editUpazila nirbahi officer (UNO, or upazila executive officer; Bengali: উপজেলা নির্বাহী কর্মকর্তা) is a non-elected administrator in an upazila. UNOs are senior assistant secretary of Bangladesh Civil Service (Administration) Cadre. They act as executive officer of the upazila under the elected posts.
Upazila parishad
editEach upazila parishad (or council) has a chairman, a vice-chairman and a woman vice-chairman. All three are elected through direct popular election. Union parishad chairmen within the upazila are considered as the members of the porishod. The post of a woman vice-chairman was created to ensure at least one-third woman representation in the all elected posts of the local government.[7]
On 22 January 2010 the first election in 18 years of upazila porishod was held.[8]
Lists of upazilas
edit| District | Upazila | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jamalpur District | |||||||
| Mymensingh District | |||||||
| Netrokona District | |||||||
| Sherpur District | |||||||
| District | Upazila | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Habiganj District | |||||||
| Moulvibazar District | |||||||
| Sunamganj District | |||||||
| Sylhet District | |||||||
See also
edit- Divisions of Bangladesh
- Districts of Bangladesh
- Villages of Bangladesh
- Unions of Bangladesh
- Tehsil/Taluka - a similar administrative subdivision used in India and Pakistan.
References
edit- ^ "Govt to form 3 new upazilas in three districts". The Daily Star. 27 July 2021. Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "upazila List". Bangladesh National Portal. Archived from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
- ^ "New upazila to be formed in Comilla". NTV. 9 January 2017. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
- ^ Kamal Siddiqui (2012). "Local Government". In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
- ^ AMM Shawkat Ali (2012). "Thana". In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
- ^ "Three new upazilas in Madaripur, Cox's Bazar and Sunamganj". Dhaka Tribune. 26 July 2021. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
- ^ "All about upazila parishad". The Daily Star. 22 January 2009. Archived from the original on 5 December 2016.
- ^ "Upazila polls influenced". The Daily Star. 23 January 2009. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2011.