Sunao Sonoda (園田 直, Sonoda Sunao, 11 December 1913 – 2 April 1984) was Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) who served as minister for foreign affairs and minister of health and welfare. He was called "flying foreign minister" due to his active diplomacy in increasing the role of Japan when he was in office.[1] He was one of the significant figures in normalizing the relations between Japan and China.[2]
Sunao Sonoda | |
|---|---|
| 園田 直 | |
 Sonoda at Schiphol in July 1979 | |
| Minister for Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 18 May 1981 – 30 November 1981 | |
| Prime Minister | Zenkō Suzuki |
| Preceded by | Masayoshi Ito |
| Succeeded by | Yoshio Sakurauchi |
| Minister of Health and Welfare | |
| In office 19 September 1980 – 18 May 1981 | |
| Prime Minister | Zenkō Suzuki |
| Preceded by | Kunikichi Saitō |
| Succeeded by | Tatsuo Murayama |
| Minister for Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 28 November 1977 – 9 November 1979 | |
| Prime Minister | |
| Preceded by | Iichirō Hatoyama |
| Succeeded by | Saburo Okita |
| Chief Cabinet Secretary | |
| In office 24 December 1976 – 28 November 1977 | |
| Prime Minister | Takeo Fukuda |
| Preceded by | Ichitaro Ide |
| Succeeded by | Shintaro Abe |
| Minister of Health and Welfare | |
| In office 25 November 1967 – 30 November 1968 | |
| Prime Minister | Eisaku Satō |
| Preceded by | Hideo Bō |
| Succeeded by | Noboru Saitō |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 11 December 1913 Amakusa, Kumamoto, Empire of Japan |
| Died | 2 April 1984 (aged 70) Tokyo, Japan |
| Political party | Liberal Democratic Party |
| Spouse | Tenkoko Sonoda |
| Children | Hiroyuki Sonoda |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  Japan |
| Service |  Imperial Japanese Army |
| Years of service | 1935–1945 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Battles / wars | Second Sino-Japanese War Second World War |
Early life
editSonoda was born in Kumamoto Prefecture on 11 December 1913.[3]
Career
editSonoda joined the Japanese army in 1938, and served both in China and in the Pacific area during World War II.[3] He was commander of a kamikaze squad during the war.[1] In 1947, Sonoda was elected to the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Diet,[3] representing the Kumamoto Prefecture.[4] He was previously a member of the Democratic Party. Then he became a member of the LDP when the Democratic Party joined the Liberals.[3]
In the 1950s, he was the special envoy of the LDP.[5] He served as parliamentary vice-foreign minister in 1955, and actively involved in normalizing the relations between Japan and the USSR.[3] However, in 1960, he resigned from the LDP due to his objections to the ratification of the US-Japan mutual security treaty.[3]
After rejoining the LDP, Sonoda also served as vice speaker of the lower house for two terms:[6] from 20 December 1965 to 27 December 1966 and from 15 February 1967 to 25 November 1967.[7] He served as minister of health and welfare from 1967 to 1968,[2] which he held again from 1980 to 1981.[3]
In addition, Sonoda was chief cabinet secretary in the cabinet led by Takeo Fukuda from 24 December 1976 to 28 November 1977.[8][9]
Within the LDP Sonoda was against the Nakasone faction and formed his own.[10] He and the members of his faction joined the faction headed by Fukuda in 1972.[10][11] However, he later left it and joined the faction headed by Masayoshi Ōhira.[12]
Minister of foreign affairs
editSonoda served as minister of foreign affairs three times: in the cabinet of Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda from November 1977 to December 1978, in the cabinet of Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira from December 1978 to November 1979, and in the cabinet of Prime Minister Zenko Suzuki from 17 May to 30 November 1981.[13]
During his first term in the ministry of foreign affairs, Japan signed the treaty of peace and friendship with China.[14] This treaty formed the basis of the relationships between two countries.[1] Sonoda represented his country at the signature of this treaty in Beijing in 1978.[2] He was secondly appointed foreign minister to the cabinet of Masayoshi Ohira who kept this and other three ministries for his own faction.[12] When in office for the second time, Sonoda visited five African countries in July 1979, including Tanzania, Nigeria, Kenya, Ivory Coast and Senegal.[15] He also traveled South America in August 1979.[16]
On 17 May 1981, Sonoda was appointed by Prime Minister and his close friend Zenko Suzuki as foreign minister for the last time due to unexpected resignation of the former Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ito.[17][18] Sonoda called for adopting the omnidirectional diplomacy and unlike his two predecessors, issued entry visas to Soviet economic delegations.[18] He was replaced by Yoshio Sakurauchi in the post 30 November 1981.[19] The reason for Sonoda's removal from his post was his blunt remarks concerning U.S. policies in June 1981 as well as his other statements detrimental to Japan's relations with South Korea.[20]
Personal life
editSunao Sonoda married twice. His son from the first marriage, Hiroyuki Sonoda, ran for his father seat in the Kumamoto Prefecture in the general elections of 1986.[4] Sonoda'a second wife, Tenkoko Sonoda, also tried to take over her husband's seat in the same election following his death.[4] She was a member of the Diet during her marriage to Sunao.[21] They married after World War II[22] and had two children.[21]
Death
editSonoda died of kidney failure at the hospital of Keio University in Tokyo on 2 April 1984.[13]
Honours
editNational honour
edit- Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (2 April 1984; posthumous)
Foreign honour
edit- Bolivia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Condor of the Andes (6 July 1978)
- Chile : Grand Cross of the Order of the Bernardo O'Higgins (21 August 1979)
References
edit- ^ a b c "Former Japanese minister Sonoda". Montreal Gazette. 3 April 1984. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ a b c Louis Frédéric, ed. (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press. p. 902. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Sonoda, Sunao". Rulers. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
- ^ a b c Sam Jameson (4 July 1986). "Family Connections Growing in Importance in Japanese Politics". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ Eugene Kramer (4 September 1956). "Japanese diplomat paced famed deck 11 years ago". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Tokyo. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ Kanako Tahara (25 May 2002). "Secret funds have oiled wheels for decades". The Japan Times. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ^ "The National Diet of Japan" (PDF). Secretariat of the House of Representatives. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
- ^ Peter J. Herzog (1993). Japan's Pseudo-Democracy. Kent: Japan Library. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-873410-07-3.
- ^ Janet Hunter, ed. (1984). Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese History. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA; London: University of California Press. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-520-04557-6.
- ^ a b Junnosuke Masumi (1995). Contemporary Politics in Japan. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA; London: University of California Press. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-520-05854-5.
- ^ John Slee (8 December 1978). "New Japanese PM takes over". The Sydney Morning Herald. Tokyo. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
- ^ a b Donald W. Klein (January 1979). "Japan 1978: The Consensus Continues". Asian Survey. 19 (1): 30–40. doi:10.2307/2643652. JSTOR 2643652.
- ^ a b "Ex-Japanese Foreign Minister Sunao Sonoda". The Daytona Beach News-Journal. 2 April 1984. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ "Sunao Sonoda, foreign minister". Evening Independent. Tokyo. Associated Press. 2 April 1984. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ Jun Morikawa (1997). Japan and Africa: Big Business and Diplomacy. London: Hurst & Company. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-85065-141-3.
- ^ Japan Report (1979) Vol. XXV, No. 18, p. 1.
- ^ Henry Scott Stokes (17 May 1981). "Japan replaces foreign minister in rift over U.S." The New York Times. p. 1.
- ^ a b Hiroshi Kimura (2000). Distant Neighbours: Japanese-Russian relations under Brezhnev and Andropov. Vol. 2. Armonk, NY; London: M.E. Sharpe. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-7656-0585-6.
- ^ "Japan's cabinet shuffled". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Tokyo. United Press International. 30 November 1981. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ Geoffrey Murray (1 December 1981). "Japanese Cabinet shaken up to tackle big problems". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ^ a b Yumi Wijers-Hasegawa (18 August 2006). "Pioneer for women seeks home for peace dolls". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ Sayuri Daimon (20 December 2007). "A long life of peace that sprung from war". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
External links
editMedia related to Sunao Sonoda at Wikimedia Commons