The House of Sratsimir or Sracimir (Bulgarian: Срацимир), also referred to as the Sratsimirovtsi (Bulgarian: Срацимировци), was a medieval Bulgarian dynasty which became the last ruling house of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1331–1422). The Stratsimir dynasty was matrilineally descended from the previous Bulgarian royal houses of Asen and Shishman.[1] After its deposition following the Ottoman conquest of Bulgaria, princes of the Sratsimir dynasty survived in exile in the neighbouring Kingdom of Hungary until at least the second half of the 16th century.[2]
| House of Sratsimir Срацимир | |
|---|---|
Coat of arms according to the 14th-century German Miltenberger Wappenbuch | |
| Parent house | Asen dynasty (matrilineal) Shishman dynasty (matrilineal) |
| Country | Second Bulgarian Empire Tsardom of Vidin |
| Founded | Prior to 1330 |
| Founder | Sratsimir |
| Final ruler | Constantine II |
| Final head | Durma Shishman (last known) |
| Titles | Emperor of Bulgaria Patriarch of Constantinople Despot of Valona Count of Temes |
| Dissolution | 16th century |
| Deposition | 1422 |
Family tree
edit- Sratsimir, despot, married to Keratsa Petritsa (sister of Michael Asen III)[1]
- Ivan Alexander, Bulgarian emperor (1331–1371)[1]
- Michael Asen IV, Bulgarian junior co-emperor[1]
- Ivan Asen IV, Bulgarian junior co-emperor[1]
- Ivan Sratsimir, Bulgarian emperor in Vidin (1356–c. 1397)[1]
- Constantine II, Bulgarian emperor in Vidin (c. 1397–1422)[1]
- Dorothea, Queen of Bosnia, married Tvrtko I of Bosnia[3]
- Ivan Shishman, Bulgarian emperor in Tarnovo (1371–1395)[1]
- Alexander[4]
- Joseph II, Patriarch of Constantinople (1416–1439)[5]
- Fruzhin, claimant Bulgarian emperor (1422–1460), Count of Temes[6]
- Keratsa
- Ivan Asen V, Bulgarian junior co-emperor[1]
- Kera Tamara,[8] married a "despot Constantine"; later part of the harem of Ottoman sultan Murad I
- Desislava[9]
- Vasilisa[4]
- Helena, Empress of Serbia, married Stefan Dušan of Serbia[10]
- (→ Nemanjić dynasty)
- John Komnenos Asen, Despot of Valona (c. 1345–1363)[11]
- Alexander Komnenos Asen, Despot of Valona (c. 1363–1371)[12]
- Daughter, married Balša II
- Michael[1]
- Theodora[4]
- Ivan Alexander, Bulgarian emperor (1331–1371)[1]
Later claims
editTwo later Bulgarian rebels during the Ottoman period, Ivan Shishman II (1598) and Rostislav Stratimirovic (1686) claimed descent from the Sratsimir dynasty, though their genealogies are unverified.[2]
Sources
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mladjov, Ian (2015). "Monarchs' Names and Numbering in the Second Bulgarian State". Studia Ceranea. 5: 267–310. doi:10.18778/2084-140X.05.09. hdl:11089/18406.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Епицентър. "Кой е Фружин, чието име се появи на оръжието на атентатора от Нова Зеландия". Epicenter (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2023-04-09.
- ^ Preveden, Francis Ralph (1955). A History of the Croatian People from Their Arrival on the Shores of the Adriatic to the Present Day: With Some Account of the Gothic, Roman, Greek, Illyrian, and Prehistoric Periods of the Ancient Illyricum and Pannonia. Philosophical Library. p. 81.
- ^ a b c Божилов, Иван (1994). Фамилията на Асеневци (1186–1460). Генеалогия и просопография [The Family of the Asens (1186–1460). Genealogy and Prosopography] (in Bulgarian). София: Издателство на Българската академия на науките. pp. 191–192, 229, 235, 241. ISBN 954-430-264-6.
- ^ Magoulias, Harry J. (1975). Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks, by Doukas. An Annotated Translation of Historia Turco-Byzantina. Wayne State University Press. pp. 299, n. 201. ISBN 978-0-8143-1540-8.
- ^ Бакалов, Георги; Милен Куманов (2003). "Фружин (неизв.-около 1460)". Електронно издание – История на България (in Bulgarian). София: Труд, Сирма. ISBN 954528613X.
- ^ a b c d e f g Асенов, Веселин (2018-11-08). "Потомците на Фружин – наследниците на изгубения трон". Българска история (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2023-04-09.
- ^ Czamańska, Ilona (2013). "Chrześcijańskie małżonki sułtanów tureckich. Małżeństwa polityczne w imperium osmańskim XIV i XV wieku". Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et Studia. 20: 53. doi:10.14746/bp.2013.20.5. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ Crampton, R. J. (24 November 2005). A Concise History of Bulgaria. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139448239.
- ^ Palairet, Michael (2016). Macedonia: A Voyage through History (Vol. 1, From Ancient Times to the Ottoman Invasions). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 330. ISBN 978-1-4438-8843-1.
- ^ Nicol, Donald M. (1984). The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-521-26190-6.
- ^ Fine, John V. A. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. pp. 347, 389–390. ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5.