A slang dictionary is a reference book containing an alphabetical list of slang, which is vernacular vocabulary not generally acceptable in formal usage, usually including information given for each word, including meaning, pronunciation, and etymology. It can provide definitions on a range of slang from more mundane terms (like "rain check" or "bob and weave") to obscure sexual practices. Such works also can include words and phrases arising from different dialects and argots, which may or may not have passed into more common usage. They can also track the changing meaning of the terms over time and space, as they migrate and mutate.
Famous slang dictionaries
edit17th and 18th centuries
editSlang dictionaries have been around for hundreds of years.
The Canting Academy, or Devil's Cabinet Opened was a 17th-century slang dictionary, written in 1673 by Richard Head, that looked to define thieves' cant.[1]
A New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew, was first published c. 1698.
A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, by Francis Grose was first published in 1785.[2][3][4] Grose's work was arguably the most significant English-language slang dictionary until John Camden Hotten's 1859 A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant, and Vulgar Words.[5]
Modern times
editIn recent years, dictionaries with a more academic focus have tried to bring together etymological studies in an attempt to provide definitive guides to slang while avoiding problems arising from folk etymology and false etymology. The study of slang is now taken seriously by academics, especially lexicographers like the late Eric Partridge, devoting their energies to the field and publishing on it, including producing slang dictionaries.
Examples
edit- Green's Dictionary of Slang (by Jonathon Green, Chambers, ISBN 978-0-550-10440-3), 2010 comprising three volumes: A–E; F–O; P–Z
- Chambers Slang Dictionary (by Jonathon Green, Chambers Harrap Publishers, ISBN 978-0-550-10439-7), 2008 previously Cassell Dictionary of Slang (Cassell Reference, 1998; last edition 2006, ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1)
- Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (by Eric Partridge and Paul Beale, Routledge, 2002, ISBN 0-415-29189-5)
- The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang (by John Ayto and John Simpson, Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-861052-1)
Vulgar slang
editThere have also been a subsequent amount of tongue-in-cheek efforts which tend to focus on the more vulgar slang terms:
- Roger's Profanisaurus Rex: The Ultimate Swearing Dictionary (third edition, Viz, 2005, ISBN 0-7522-2812-9)
- Slang Defined (by Aaron Peckham, Andrews McMeel, 2006, ISBN 0-7407-5143-3)
- Urban Dictionary (By Aaron Peckham), 1999
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ British Library article on The Canting Academy
- ^ British Library Texts in Context: 1785 – Grose's Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue
- ^ fromoldbooks.org version of the Vulgar Tongue with one page per entry, links to examples and to another canting (thieving) dictionary
- ^ A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue at Project Gutenberg
- ^ Tony Thorne (2000) "Slang and the Dictionary".
External links
edit- British Library Texts in Context: 1785 – Grose's Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue
- A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue at Project Gutenberg
- fromoldbooks.org version of the Vulgar Tongue with one page per entry, links to examples and to another canting (thieving) dictionary
- A 1737 dictionary of canting slang produced by Nathan Bailey
- Three Centuries of Canting Songs and Slang Rhyme, edited by John Farmer (1896)
- British Library article on The Canting Academy