A shepherd's crook is a long and sturdy stick with a hook at one end, often with the point flared outwards, used by a shepherd to manage and sometimes catch sheep. In addition, the crook may aid in defending against attack by predators. When traversing rough terrain, a crook is an aid to balance. Shepherds may also use the long implement to part thick undergrowth (for example at the edge of a drovers' road) when searching for lost sheep or potential predators.
Symbolic use
editThe innovation of a hook facilitates the recovery of fallen animals by ensnaring them by the neck or leg. For this reason, the crook has been used as a religious symbol of care (particularly in difficult circumstances), including the Christian bishop's crosier.[1]
In medicine, the term shepherd’s crook is used to describe a right coronary artery that follows an unusually high and winding route. This variant, which has a prevalence of about 5%,[2] imposes technical problems in angioplasty procedures.[3]
The letter lamed originated as a representation of a shepherd's crook or goad, from which the Latin letter L has evolved.[citation needed]
Ancient Greeks called it κορύνη, λαγωβόλον and καλαῦροψ and in their art the crook is often seen in the hands of Pan and also is the usual attribute of Thalia, as the Muse of pastoral poetry.[4]
The shepherd's crook and the flail (an agricultural tool) are insignia of pharaonic authority.[citation needed]
Gallery
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The crook and flail on the coffinette of Tutankhamun
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William Blake's hand painted print for his poem "The Shepherd" depicts the idyllic scene of a shepherd watching his flock with a shepherd's crook. This image represents copy B, printed and painted in 1789 and currently held by the Library of Congress.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Caeremoniale Episcoporum (Vatican Polyglott Press, 1985)
- ^ Shriki, Jabi E.; Shinbane, Jerold S.; Rashid, Mollie A.; Hindoyan, Antereas; Withey, James G.; DeFrance, Anthony; Cunningham, Mark; Oliveira, George R.; Warren, Bill H. (March 1, 2012). "Identifying, Characterizing, and Classifying Congenital Anomalies of the Coronary Arteries". RadioGraphics. 32 (2): 453–468. doi:10.1148/rg.322115097. ISSN 0271-5333. PMID 22411942.
- ^ Gossman, David E.; Tuzcu, E. Murat; Simpfendorfer, Conrad; Beck, Gerald J. (January 1, 1988). "Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for shepherd's crook right coronary artery stenosis". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis. 15 (3): 189–191. doi:10.1002/ccd.1810150313. ISSN 1097-0304. PMID 2973842.
- ^ A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), Pedum
- ^ Morris Eaves; Robert N. Essick; Joseph Viscomi (eds.). "Songs of Innocence, copy B, object 4 (Bentley 5, Erdman 5, Keynes 5) "The Shepherd"". William Blake Archive. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
External links
editMedia related to Shepherd's crooks at Wikimedia Commons
The dictionary definition of shepherd's crook at Wiktionary