RNAS Kingsnorth was a First World War Royal Navy air station for airships, initially operating as an experimental and training station, it later moved on to large scale production of airships. It also provided anti-submarine patrols. A number of experimental and prototype blimps were designed and tested there and until 1916, it was the lead airship training establishment in the Royal Naval Air Service.[1]
| RNAS Kingsnorth RAF Kingsnorth   | |
|---|---|
| Kingsnorth (Medway), Isle of Grain, Kent in England | |
  RNAS Kingsnorth Shown within Kent  RNAS Kingsnorth RNAS Kingsnorth (the United Kingdom) | |
| Coordinates | 51°25′22″N 0°36′07″E / 51.42278°N 0.60194°E |
| Type | Royal Air Force station |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Admiralty |
| Operator | Royal Naval Air Service Royal Air Force |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1913/14 |
| In use | April 1914 - August 1921 |
| Garrison information | |
| Past commanders | Commander Neville Usborne RNVR |
It was located at the southeastern coast of the Hoo Peninsula in Kent.[2]
It is not to be confused with RAF Kingsnorth, a separate airfield near Ashford in southern Kent under RAF control before and during World War II.
Beginnings
editIn 1912 an airship station was procured by the Admiralty to test and evaluate airships with Kingsnorth farm (later RNAS Kingsnorth) chosen as the location in 1913. Miskin, the landowner agreed to surrender his lease on Kingsnorth Farm so that an airship test hangar could be built. A further 81 and a half acres were later purchased from Miskin (Barton Farm) to allow the unrestricted manoeuvring of airships in the test phase.[3]
The air station initially received a German built Parseval PL-18 airship and undertook evaluations, where it received the service designation Naval Airship No. 4 (NA4).[4] Kingsnorth also received an Astra Torres airship.[5] Experiments were carried out including an unsuccessful attempt to launch a fighter aircraft from a non-rigid balloon.[6]
Royal Naval Air Service (1914-1918)
editRNAS Kingsnorth was commissioned in April 1914 under the control of the Admiralty, first through the Naval Airship Branch, then through the Royal Naval Air Service when the Royal Navy reformed its air branch in July 1914.[7] The RNAS took over the base's two huge airship sheds and its development and training functions.
Flying Units
editRNAS Kingsnorth initially used the first two airships: Astra Torres No. 3 and Parseval No.4, to escort troopships carrying the British Expeditionary Force to France in the summer of 1914.[5]
RNAS Kingsnorth was involved in the development and flight testing of non-rigid airships, with the SS-class airship (Submarine Scout) being the first type to operate from there, providing anti-submarine defences to the Thames Estuary and southeast coast.[5] The C-Class airship (Coastal Class) type followed, with aircrews trained at the site until the then-named RNAS Cranwell took over this role mid-war.[8]
By the start of 1915, there were less than 100 British airmen who could actually fly an airship. It was then decided that RNAS Kingsnorth would be used as a flying training station. Students who had completed the free ballooning courses and ground instruction at RNAS Wormwood Scrubs, would then be passed on to RNAS Kingsnorth for instruction at an operational airship station.
Intensive training was given to the pupils, and due to the operational requirements for qualified pilots, the initial stage was omitted and student aircrew found themselves on the immediate instruction course on an operational airship. Training was given in both theory and practice, with students completing courses in aeronautics, navigation, metrology, engineering, and practical flying. Instruction was given in Submarine Scout ships which were perfectly suited as they had a two-seater configured fuselage.[5]
Testing of the NS-class airship (North Sea) also took place at RNAS Kingsnorth, with successful flight trials first completed in February 1917.[9]
Aviation Support Units
editBy 1914, RNAS Kingsnorth was also home to a newly formed Naval Met Service, which provided weather information to airships operating locally over the North Sea.[10]
Royal Air Force (1918-1921)
editOn 1 April 1918 the Royal Flying Corps and the RNAS combined to form the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the station became known as RAF Kingsnorth before decommissioning in 1921.[2]
The site was occupied by Kingsnorth Power Station until it was decommissioned in 2012. A new development, called MedwayOne, is planned to include storage, a data centre, lorry park, and manufacturing space.[11]
See also
edit- RNAS Calshot
- RAF Eastchurch another air station providing flying training to the Royal Navy at this time.
- RAF Kingsnorth (A separate airfield operated under RAF control during WWII)
- RNAS Lee-on-Solent (HMS Daedalus)
- List of flying boats and floatplanes
- List of air stations of the Royal Navy
- List of former Royal Air Force stations
References
edit- ^ "Archaeological and historical analysis by southern power" (PDF).
- ^ a b Historic England. "Kingsnorth Airship Station (1458978)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "History and Archaeology by Southern Power on the Kingsnorth site" (PDF).
- ^ "Parseval PL 18".
- ^ a b c d "Airship Sheds United Kingdom - Kingsnorth". Airship Heritage Trust. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "Exploring Kent's Past". 25 January 2008.
- ^ "Naval Aviation History & FAA Origins - Fleet Air Arm Archive". fleetairarmarchive.net. Archived from the original on 19 May 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust - RNAS Kingsnorth".
- ^ "North Sea Class airships".
- ^ "Fly Navy 100" (PDF). Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- ^ Nelson, Katie May (18 November 2022). "Uniper to build MedwayOne on Kingsnorth power station site on Hoo Peninsula creating 2,000 jobs". Kent Online. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.