The Pyongyang Revival or the Great Pyongyang Revival of 1907 was a Protestant revival that occurred in and around the city of Pyongyang, what is today the capital of North Korea. A key figure of the movement is often seen to be Kil Sun-joo (or Gil Seon-ju), one of the first Korean Protestants ordained as a Presbyterian minister.[1] R. A. Hardie, a Canadian physician and Methodist missionary who primarily worked in Wonsan, was also an inspiration for the movement.[2]
History
editPrior to 1907, there were a series of local revivals in Korea. For instance, in 1903, due to famine in the center of the country, two local revivals were experienced in a Presbyterian church near Seoul and in a Methodist church in Wonsan. This would be followed by a series of revivals amongst Methodists (1904–1905) and Presbyterians (1906).[3] Moreover, in the fall of 1906, Korean Christians began hearing reports about the Welsh revival (1904–1905) and Kassia Hills revival in India (1905–1906), and reportedly had "a great desire to have the same blessing."[4][5]
In January 1907, across two weeks, the Presbyterian seminary in Pyongyang held a Bible conference of about 1500 Korean men. At the conference, through the dynamic preaching of Kil Sun-joo and his personal confession of sins, hundreds of others followed in public repentance. This would continue through a series of revival meetings in Pyongyang and other nearby cities, which eventually subsided in the spring of 1907 due to Kil's exhaustion from the meetings.[3]
The Pyongyang revival resulted in an increase in the number of new Protestant converts and the growing establishment of Korean Christianity led by Korean Protestants. It also introduced key aspects of Korean Protestant Christian spirituality, such as early morning prayer and all-night prayer.[3][6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Blair, William Newton; Hunt, Bruce F. (1977). The Korean Pentecost and the Sufferings which Followed. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust. ISBN 978-0-85151-244-0.
- ^ Jang, Jung Eun (November 9, 2016). Religious Experience and Self-Psychology: Korean Christianity and the 1907 Revival Movement. Springer. pp. 78–81. ISBN 978-1-349-95041-6.
- ^ a b c Oak, Sung-Deuk (November 2012). "Major Protestant Revivals in Korea, 1903–35". Studies in World Christianity. 18 (3): 269–290. doi:10.3366/swc.2012.0025.
- ^ Paik, George L. (1987). The History of Protestant Missions in Korea, 1832-1910. Seoul: Yonsei University Press. p. 368.
- ^ Goforth, Jonathan (1956). When the Spirit's Fire Swept Korea. Cavite, Philippines: Presbyterian Theological Seminary. p. 8.
- ^ Kim, Kirsteen (December 2007). "Ethereal Christianity: Reading Korean Mega-Church Websites". Studies in World Christianity. 13 (3): 217. doi:10.3366/swc.2007.13.3.208. S2CID 145067173.