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OpenSolaris

For other uses, see Solaris (disambiguation).

OpenSolaris (/ˌoʊpən səˈlɑːrɪs/[6]) is a discontinued open-source computer operating system based on Solaris and created by Sun Microsystems. It was also, perhaps confusingly, the name of a project initiated by Sun to build a developer and user community around the eponymous operating system software.

OpenSolaris
OpenSolaris build snv_134b
DeveloperSun Microsystems
Written inC
OS familyUnix (System V Release 4)
Working stateDiscontinued, continued by illumos[1][2][3]
Source modelOpen source
Initial releaseMay 5, 2008; 16 years ago (2008-05-05)
Latest release2009.06 / June 1, 2009; 15 years ago (2009-06-01)
Latest previewsnv_134 (build 134) x86/SPARC / March 8, 2010; 14 years ago (2010-03-08)
Available inMultilingual (more than 53)[4]
Update methodImage Packaging System
Package managerPackage Manager, pkg
PlatformsSPARC, IA-32, x86-64
Kernel typeMonolithic
UserlandSVR4 C library, GNU Core Utilities and traditional Solaris commands
Default
user interface		GNOME
LicenseMostly CDDL with proprietary components[5] and other licenses
Official websiteopensolaris.org (now redirects to Java.net closure page)

OpenSolaris is a descendant of the UNIX System V Release 4 (SVR4) code base developed by Sun and AT&T in the late 1980s and is the only version of the System V variant of UNIX available as open source.[7] OpenSolaris was developed as a combination of several software consolidations that were open sourced starting with Solaris 10. It includes a variety of free software, including popular desktop and server software.[8][9]

After Oracle's acquisition of Sun Microsystems in 2010, Oracle discontinued development of OpenSolaris in house, pivoting to focus exclusively on the development of the proprietary Solaris Express (now Oracle Solaris).[10][11]

Prior to Oracle's close-sourcing Solaris, a group of former OpenSolaris developers began efforts to fork the core software under the name OpenIndiana. The illumos Foundation, founded in the wake of the discontinuation of OpenSolaris, continues to develop and maintain the kernel and userland of OpenIndiana (together renamed “illumos”), while the OpenIndiana Project (now under the auspices of the illumos Foundation) continues to maintain and develop the illumos-based OpenIndiana distribution (including its installer and build system) as the direct descendant of OpenIndiana.[12] Since then additional illumos distributions, both commercial and non-commercial, have appeared and are under active development, combining the illumos kernel and userland with custom installers, packaging and build systems, and other distribution-specific utilities and tooling.

History

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Further information: Solaris (operating system) § History

OpenSolaris was based on Solaris, which was originally released by Sun in 1991. Solaris is a version of UNIX System V Release 4 (SVR4), jointly developed by Sun and AT&T to merge features from several existing Unix systems. It was licensed by Sun from Novell to replace SunOS.[13]

Planning for OpenSolaris started in early 2004. A pilot program was formed in September 2004 with 18 non-Sun community members and ran for 9 months growing to 145 external participants.[14] Sun submitted the CDDL (Common Development and Distribution License) to the OSI, which approved it on January 14, 2005.

The first part of the Solaris code base to be open-sourced was the Solaris Dynamic Tracing facility (commonly known as DTrace), a tool that aids in the analysis, debugging, and tuning of applications and systems. DTrace was released under the CDDL on January 25, 2005, on the newly launched opensolaris.org website.[15] The bulk of the Solaris system code was released on June 14, 2005. There remains some system code that is not open source and is available only as pre-compiled binary files.

To direct the newly fledged project, a Community Advisory Board was announced on April 4, 2005: two were elected by the pilot community, two were employees appointed by Sun, and one was appointed from the broader free software community by Sun. The members were Roy Fielding, Al Hopper, Rich Teer, Casper Dik, and Simon Phipps. On February 10, 2006, Sun approved The OpenSolaris Charter, which reestablished this body as the independent OpenSolaris Governing Board.[16] The task of creating a governance document or "constitution" for this organization was given to the OGB and three invited members: Stephen Hahn and Keith Wesolowski (developers in Sun's Solaris organization) and Ben Rockwood (a prominent OpenSolaris community member). The former next-generation Solaris OS version under development by Sun to eventually succeed Solaris 10 was codenamed 'Nevada', and was derived from what was the OpenSolaris codebase and this new code was then pulled into new OpenSolaris 'Nevada' snapshot builds. "While under Sun Microsystems' control, there were bi-weekly snapshots of Solaris Nevada (the codename for the next-generation Solaris OS to eventually succeed Solaris 10), and this new code was then pulled into new OpenSolaris preview snapshots available at Genunix.org. The stable releases of OpenSolaris are based on these Nevada builds."[17]

Initially, Sun's Solaris Express program provided a distribution based on the OpenSolaris code in combination with software found only in Solaris releases.[18] The first independent distribution was released on June 17, 2005, and many others have emerged since.[19]

On March 19, 2007, Sun announced that it had hired Ian Murdock, founder of Debian, to head Project Indiana,[20] an effort to produce a complete OpenSolaris distribution, with GNOME and userland tools from GNU, plus a network-based package management system.[21] The new distribution was planned to refresh the user experience and would become the successor to Solaris Express as the basis for future releases of Solaris.

On May 5, 2008, OpenSolaris 2008.05 was released in a format that could be booted as a Live CD or installed directly. It uses the GNOME desktop environment as the primary user interface. The later OpenSolaris 2008.11 release included a GUI for ZFS' snapshotting capabilities, known as Time Slider, that provides functionality similar to macOS's Time Machine.

In December 2008, Sun Microsystems and Toshiba America Information Systems announced plans to distribute Toshiba laptops pre-installed with OpenSolaris.[22][23] On April 1, 2009, the Tecra M10 and Portégé R600 came preinstalled with OpenSolaris 2008.11 release and several supplemental software packages.[24][25]

On June 1, 2009, OpenSolaris 2009.06 was released, with support for the SPARC platform.[26]

On January 6, 2010, it was announced that the Solaris Express program would be closed while an OpenSolaris binary release was scheduled to be released on March 26, 2010.[27] The OpenSolaris 2010.03 release never appeared.

On August 13, 2010, Oracle was rumored to have discontinued the OpenSolaris binary distribution to focus on the Solaris Express binary distribution program. Source code would continue to be accepted from the community and Oracle source code would continue to be released into Open Source, but Oracle code releases would occur only after binary releases. The internal email was released by an OpenSolaris kernel developer but was unconfirmed by Oracle.[28]

There was a post confirming the leak posted to the OpenSolaris Forums on August 13, 2010. Upstream contributions will continue through a new Oracle website, downstream source code publishing will continue, and binary distribution will continue under the old Solaris Express model, the but release of source code will occur after binary cuts, and binary cuts will become less frequent.[29]

On September 14, 2010, OpenIndiana was formally launched at the JISC Centre in London. While OpenIndiana is a fork in the technical sense, it is a continuation of OpenSolaris in spirit: the project intends to deliver a System V family operating system that is binary-compatible with the Oracle products Solaris 11 and Solaris 11 Express. However, rather than being based around the OS/Net[clarification needed] consolidation like OpenSolaris was, OpenIndiana became a distribution based on illumos (the first release is still based around OS/Net). The project uses the same IPS package management system as OpenSolaris.[30]

On November 12, 2010, a final build of OpenSolaris (134b) was published by Oracle to the /release repository to serve as an upgrade path to Solaris 11 Express.

Oracle Solaris 11 Express 2010.11, a preview of Solaris 11 and the first release of the post-OpenSolaris distribution from Oracle, was released on November 15, 2010.[31]

Version history

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[33]


Release model

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OpenSolaris 2009.06 x86 LiveCD GNOME with terminal

OpenSolaris was offered as both development (unstable) and production (stable) releases.

  • Development releases were built from the latest OpenSolaris codebase (consolidations) and included newer technologies, security updates and bug fixes, and more applications, but may not have undergone extensive testing.
  • Production releases were branched from a snapshot of the development codebase (following a code freeze) and underwent a QA process that includes backporting security updates and bug fixes.

OpenSolaris can be installed from CD-ROM, USB drives, or over a network with the Automated Installer.[34] CD, USB, and network install images are made available for both types of releases.[35]

Repositories

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OpenSolaris uses a network-aware package management system called the Image Packaging System (also known as pkg(5)) to add, remove, and manage installed software and to update to newer releases.

Packages for development releases of OpenSolaris were published by Oracle typically every two weeks to the /dev repository.[36][37] Production releases use the /release repository[38] which does not receive updates until the next production release. Only Sun customers with paid support contracts have access to updates for production releases.[39]

Paid support for production releases which allows access to security updates and bug fixes was offered by Sun through the /support repository on pkg.sun.com.

Documentation

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A hardware compatibility list (HCL) for OpenSolaris can be consulted when choosing hardware for OpenSolaris deployment.[40]

Extensive OpenSolaris administration, usage, and development documentation is available online,[41] including community-contributed information.[42]

License

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Main article: Common Development and Distribution License

Sun released most of the Solaris source code under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL), which is based on the Mozilla Public License (MPL) version 1.1. The CDDL was approved as an open source license by the Open Source Initiative (OSI) in January 2005. Files licensed under the CDDL can be combined with files licensed under other licenses, whether open source or proprietary.[43]

During Sun's announcement of Java's release under the GNU General Public License (GPL), Jonathan Schwartz and Rich Green both hinted at the possibility of releasing Solaris under the GPL, with Green saying he was "certainly not" averse to relicensing under the GPL.[44] When Schwartz pressed him (jokingly), Green said Sun would "take a very close look at it." In January 2007, eWeek reported that anonymous sources at Sun had told them OpenSolaris would be dual-licensed under CDDL and GPLv3.[45] Green responded in his blog the next day that the article was incorrect, saying that although Sun is giving "very serious consideration" to such a dual-licensing arrangement, it would be subject to agreement by the rest of the OpenSolaris community.[46]

Conferences

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The first annual OpenSolaris Developer Conference (abbreviated as OSDevCon) was organized by the German Unix User Group (GUUG) and took place from February 27 to March 2, 2007, at the Freie Universität Berlin in Germany.[47] The 2008 OSDevCon was a joint effort of the GUUG and the Czech OpenSolaris User Group (CZOSUG) and look place June 25–27, 2008, in Prague, Czech Republic.[48] The 2009 OSDevCon look place October 27–30, 2009, in Dresden, Germany.[49]

In 2007, Sun Microsystems organized the first OpenSolaris Developer Summit, which was held on the weekend of October 13, 2007, at the University of California, Santa Cruz in the United States.[50] The 2008 OpenSolaris Developer Summit returned to UCSC on May 2–3, 2008, and took place immediately prior to the launch of Sun's new OpenSolaris distribution on May 5, 2008, at the CommunityOne conference in San Francisco, California.[51]

The first OpenSolaris Storage Summit was organized by Sun and held September 21, 2008, preceding the SNIA Storage Developer Conference (SDC), in Santa Clara, California.[52] The second OpenSolaris Storage Summit preceded the USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST) on February 23, 2009, in San Francisco, United States.[53]

On November 3, 2009, a Solaris/OpenSolaris Security Summit was held by Sun in the Inner Harbor area of Baltimore, Maryland, preceding the Large Installation System Administration Conference (LISA).[54]

Ports

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Derivatives

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See also: illumos § Current distributions, Solaris (operating system) § Open source derivatives, and Comparison of OpenSolaris distributions

Notable derivatives include:

  • illumos, a fully open source fork of the project, started in 2010 by a community of Sun OpenSolaris engineers and the NexentaOS support. Note that OpenSolaris was not 100% open source: Some drivers and some libraries were property of other companies that Sun (now Oracle) licensed and was not able to release.
  • OpenIndiana, a project under the illumos umbrella aiming "... to become the defacto OpenSolaris distribution installed on production servers where security and bug fixes are required free of charge."[30]
  • NexentaStor, optimized for storage workloads, based on Nexenta OS
  • OSDyson: illumos kernel with GNU userland and packages from Debian. Strives to become an official Debian port.
  • SmartOS: Virtualization-centered derivative from Joyent.

Discontinued

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  • Nexenta OS (discontinued October 31, 2012), first distribution based on Ubuntu userland with Solaris-derived kernel[61]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "/osol-discuss/ OpenSolaris cancelled, to be replaced with Solaris 11 Express". Archived from the original on 2010-08-16. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
  2. ^ "/osol-discuss/ OpenSolaris cancelled, to be replaced with Solaris 11 Express". Archived from the original on 2012-01-05. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
  3. ^ Garrett D'Amore (3 August 2010). "illumos - Hope and Light Springs Anew - Presented by Garrett D'Amore" (PDF). illumos.org. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  4. ^ Petr Hruška (April 6, 2010). "Language/Locale Coverage". OpenSolaris 2010.03 Test Plan. opensolaris.org. Archived from the original on April 10, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
  5. ^ "OpenSolaris Binary Licensing FAQ". opensolaris.org. Archived from the original on 2009-10-01. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  6. ^ The pronunciation rhymes with "Polaris". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06.
  7. ^ The BSD variant of UNIX, on which versions of Solaris prior to Solaris 2 (= SunOS 5) were based, has been open-source since June 1994.
  8. ^ Jim Grisanzio (December 12, 2009). "OpenSolaris Consolidation Information". opensolaris.org. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
  9. ^ Jim Grisanzio (March 26, 2010). "What version of the Solaris Operating System is OpenSolaris?". opensolaris.org. Archived from the original on January 2, 2012. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
  10. ^ "OpenSolaris is now officially dead. RIP". Archived from the original on 2010-08-15. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
  11. ^ "Site Decommissioned". opensolaris.org. Archived from the original on 2012-12-28. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
  12. ^ "Welcome to Project OpenIndiana!". Project OpenIndiana. 10 September 2010. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
  13. ^ "SunSoft introduces first shrink-wrapped distributed computing solution: Solaris" (Press release). Sun Microsystems. September 4, 1991. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  14. ^ Jörg Schilling (March 24, 2010). "More ksh93 builtins". opensolaris.org. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  15. ^ Michael Singer (January 25, 2005). "Sun Cracks Open Solaris". InternetNews.com. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  16. ^ Simon Phipps (February 10, 2006). "OpenSolaris Independence Day". Sun Microsystems. Archived from the original on February 25, 2006. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  17. ^ Larabel, Michael (2010-07-20). "It Looks Like Oracle Will Stand Behind OpenSolaris". Phoronix. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  18. ^ Dan Price (June 21, 2006). "What's New in Solaris Express 6/05 (Nevada Build 15)". Sun Microsystems. Archived from the original on October 21, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  19. ^ "Schillix's Homepage: Main / Announce". Jörg Schilling. April 22, 2008. Archived from the original on November 9, 2011. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
  20. ^ Simon Phipps (March 19, 2007). "Charting the Next 25 Years". Sun Microsystems. Archived from the original on September 25, 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  21. ^ Timothy Prickett Morgan (August 2, 2007). "Q&A: Sun's Top Operating System Brass Talk OS Strategy". IT Jungle. Archived from the original on 2013-03-04. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
  22. ^ Tom Espiner (December 12, 2008). "OpenSolaris now on Toshiba laptops". ZDNet Australia.
  23. ^ "Sun Microsystems Launches Latest Version of OpenSolaris; Unveils Time Slider Visualization Tool and New Partnership with Toshiba to Build Line of OpenSolaris Laptops" (Press release). Sun Microsystems. December 10, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
  24. ^ "Toshiba OpenSolaris Laptops". Sun Microsystems. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  25. ^ "Get the Toshiba OpenSolaris Laptop". ShopOpenSolaris.com. Archived from the original on 2010-03-05. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  26. ^ "What's New In 2009.06". Sun Microsystems. June 2006. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  27. ^ Derek Cicero (January 6, 2010). "Update on SXCE". opensolaris.org. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012.
  28. ^ Steven Stallion (August 13, 2010). "Update on SXCE". Iconoclastic Tendencies. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
  29. ^ Alasdair Lumsden (August 13, 2010). "Update on SXCE". OpenSolaris.org. Archived from the original on May 14, 2012.
  30. ^ a b Frequently Asked Questions] From the OpenIndiana Wiki, OpenIndiana, archived from the original on 2011-02-09, retrieved 2012-12-29
  31. ^ Glynn Foster (November 15, 2010). "[osol-announce] Oracle Solaris 11 Express 2010.11 Releases Today!". opensolaris.org. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved 2010-11-15.
  32. ^ "End of Service Life Status for OpenSolaris Operating System". Sun Microsystems. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
  33. ^ "Service Life Status for OpenSolaris Operating System Releases". Oracle. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  34. ^ OpenSolaris 2010.03 Automated Installer Guide, Sun Microsystems, archived from the original on 2011-10-02
  35. ^ OpenSolaris distributions and development releases, genunix.org[ ]
  36. ^ OpenSolaris Development Release Packaging Repository[permanent dead link‍]
  37. ^ Alan McClellan (April 10, 2009). "Additional IPS Repositories". Sun Microsystems. Retrieved 2010-04-27.[permanent dead link‍]
  38. ^ "OpenSolaris Packaging Repository". Archived from the original on 2011-11-13. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
  39. ^ "Service Life Status for OpenSolaris Operating System Releases". Sun Microsystems. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  40. ^ OpenSolaris Hardware Compatibility List (HCL), Oracle Corporation
  41. ^ OpenSolaris documentation page, opensolaris.org, archived from the original on 2009-11-24
  42. ^ OpenSolaris information resources home wiki, Sun Microsystems, archived from the original on 2009-03-21
  43. ^ "Can code licensed under the CDDL be combined with code licensed under other open source licenses?". OpenSolaris FAQ: Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL). OpenSolaris. Archived from the original on 2007-10-27.
  44. ^ "Sun Opens Java". Sun Microsystems. Archived from the original (OGG Theora) on 2009-03-19.
  45. ^ Galli, Peter (January 16, 2007). "Sun to License OpenSolaris Under GPLv3". eWeek.
  46. ^ Rich Green (January 17, 2007). "All the News That's Fit to Print". Rich Green's Weblog. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
  47. ^ "OpenSolaris Developer Conference 2007". German Unix User Group. February 22, 2007. Archived from the original on 2010-04-13. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  48. ^ "OpenSolaris Developer Conference 2008". OpenSolaris Developer Conference. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  49. ^ "OpenSolaris Developer Conference 2009". OpenSolaris Developer Conference. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  50. ^ Linda Bernal; Eric Boutilier; Bonnie Corwin; Jim Grisanzio; Jesse Silver (October 26, 2009). "OpenSolaris Newsletter: October 2007". opensolaris.org. Archived from the original on June 6, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  51. ^ "OpenSolaris Summit". genunix. August 31, 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  52. ^ "OpenSolaris Storage Summit 2008". Sun Microsystems. March 25, 2010. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  53. ^ "OpenSolaris Storage Summit 200902". Sun Microsystems. November 15, 2009. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  54. ^ "Security Summit November 2009 — Make System Security Work for You". Sun Microsystems. December 21, 2009. Archived from the original on September 26, 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  55. ^ PowerPC, opensolaris.org, archived from the original on October 17, 2009, retrieved 2012-12-29
  56. ^ Polaris native boot, blastwave.org, archived from the original on September 25, 2008, retrieved 2012-12-29
  57. ^ Project Pulsar, Sun Microsystems, archived from the original on August 7, 2011
  58. ^ Systemz project, opensolaris.org, archived from the original on August 25, 2009, retrieved 2012-12-29
  59. ^ ARM Platform Port, opensolaris.org, archived from the original on October 16, 2009, retrieved 2012-12-29
  60. ^ MIPS Platform Port, opensolaris.org, archived from the original on October 4, 2009, retrieved 2012-12-29
  61. ^ DownloadMirrors - Nexenta Project Wiki, archived from the original on 2010-04-05

Further reading

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