| Country
|
President
|
Parliament
|
| Lower House
|
Upper House
|
 Abkhazia |
2020 |
2022
|
 Afghanistan |
Autocracy[1][2][3]
(2016; installed 2021) |
Appointed[4]
|
 Åland |
Indirectly-elected |
2023
|
 Albania |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2021
|
 Algeria |
2019 |
2021 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected (2022)
|
 American Samoa |
2020 |
2022 |
2022
|
 Andorra |
Monarchy |
2023
|
 Angola |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
 Anguilla |
Monarchy |
2020
|
 Antigua and Barbuda |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Appointed
|
 Argentina |
2023 |
2023 |
2023
|
 Armenia |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2021
|
 Aruba |
Monarchy |
2021
|
 Australia |
Monarchy |
2022 |
2022
|
 Austria |
2022 |
2019 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Azerbaijan |
2024 |
2020
|
 Bahamas |
Monarchy |
2021 |
Appointed
|
 Bahrain |
Monarchy |
2022 |
Appointed
|
 Bangladesh |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
2024
|
 Barbados |
Indirectly-elected |
2022 |
Appointed
|
 Belarus |
2020 |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Belgium |
Monarchy |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Belize |
Monarchy |
2020 |
Appointed
|
 Benin |
2021 |
2023
|
 Bermuda |
Monarchy |
2020 |
Appointed
|
 Bhutan |
Monarchy |
2023-24 |
2023
|
 Bolivia |
2020 |
2020 |
2020
|
 Bosnia and Herzegovina |
2022 |
2022 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Botswana |
Indirectly-elected |
2019 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Brazil |
2022 |
2022 |
2022
|
 British Virgin Islands |
Monarchy |
2023
|
 Brunei |
Monarchy |
Appointed
|
 Bulgaria |
2024 |
2023
|
 Burkina Faso |
2020 |
2020
|
 Burundi |
2020 |
2020 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Cambodia |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Cameroon |
2018 |
2020 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Canada |
Monarchy |
2021 |
Appointed
|
 Cape Verde |
2021 |
2021
|
 Cayman Islands |
Monarchy |
2021
|
 Central African Republic |
2020 |
2020–21
|
 Chad |
2024 |
2011
|
 Chile |
2021 |
2021 |
2021
|
 People's Republic of China |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
Indirectly-elected (2022-2023)
|
 Republic of China |
2024 |
2024
|
 Colombia |
2022 |
2022 |
2022
|
 Comoros |
2024 |
2020
|
 Democratic Republic of the Congo |
2023 |
2023 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Republic of the Congo |
2021 |
2022 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Cook Islands |
Monarchy |
2022
|
 Costa Rica |
2022 |
2022
|
 Croatia |
2019–2020 |
2024
|
 Cuba |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
2023
|
 Cyprus |
2023 |
2021
|
 Czech Republic |
2023 |
2021 |
2022
|
 Denmark |
Monarchy |
2022
|
 Djibouti |
2021 |
2023
|
 Dominica |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
 Dominican Republic |
2024 |
2024 |
2024
|
 East Timor |
2022 |
2023
|
 Ecuador |
2023 |
2023
|
 Egypt |
2023 |
2020 |
2020
|
 El Salvador |
2024 |
2024
|
 Equatorial Guinea |
2022 |
2022 |
2022
|
 Eritrea |
None |
None
|
 Estonia |
Indirectly-elected (2021) |
2023
|
 Eswatini |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Ethiopia |
Indirectly-elected |
2021 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Falkland Islands |
Monarchy |
2021
|
 Fiji |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
 Finland |
2024 |
2023
|
 France |
2022 |
2024 |
Indirectly-elected (2023)
|
 Gabon |
2023 |
2023 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Gambia |
2021 |
2022
|
 Georgia |
2018 |
2020
|
 Germany |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2021 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Ghana |
2020 |
2020
|
 Gibraltar |
Monarchy |
2023
|
 Greece |
Indirectly-elected |
2023
|
 Grenada |
Monarchy |
2022 |
Appointed
|
 Guatemala |
2023 |
2023
|
 Guernsey |
Monarchy |
2020
|
 Guinea |
2020 |
2020
|
 Guinea-Bissau |
2019 |
2023
|
 Guyana |
Indirectly-elected |
2020
|
 Haiti |
2016–17 |
2015–16 |
2016–17
|
 Honduras |
2021 |
2021
|
 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2021
|
 Hungary |
Indirectly-elected (2024) |
2022
|
 Iceland |
2024 |
2021
|
 India |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected (2024)
|
 Indonesia |
2024 |
2024 |
2024
|
 Iran |
2024 |
2024
|
 Iraq |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2021
|
 Republic of Ireland |
2018 |
2020 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Israel |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
 Italy |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2022 |
2022
|
 Ivory Coast |
2020 |
2021 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected (2023)
|
 Jamaica |
Monarchy |
2020 |
Appointed
|
 Japan |
Monarchy |
2021 |
2022
|
 Jersey |
Monarchy |
2022
|
 Jordan |
Monarchy |
2020 |
Appointed
|
 Kazakhstan |
2022 |
2023 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected (2023)
|
 Kenya |
2022 |
2022
|
2022
|
 Kiribati |
2020 |
2020
|
 North Korea |
Indirectly-elected |
2019
|
 South Korea |
2022 |
2024
|
 Republic of Kosovo |
Indirectly-elected |
2021
|
 Kuwait |
Monarchy |
2023
|
 Kyrgyzstan |
2021 |
2021
|
 Laos |
Indirectly-elected |
2021
|
 Latvia |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
 Lebanon |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
 Lesotho |
Monarchy |
2022 |
Appointed
|
 Liberia |
2023 |
2023 |
2023
|
 Libya |
Provisional |
2014
|
 Liechtenstein |
Monarchy |
2021
|
 Lithuania |
2024 |
2020
|
 Luxembourg |
Monarchy |
2023
|
 Macao Special Administrative Region |
Indirectly-elected (2019) |
2021
|
 Madagascar |
2023 |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Malawi |
2020 |
2019
|
 Malaysia |
Monarchy |
2022 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Maldives |
2023 |
2024
|
 Mali |
2018 |
2020
|
 Malta |
Indirectly-elected (2024) |
2022
|
 Isle of Man |
Monarchy |
2021
|
 Marshall Islands |
Indirectly-elected |
2023
|
 Mauritania |
2024 |
2023
|
 Mauritius |
Indirectly-elected |
2019
|
 Mexico |
2024 |
2024 |
2024
|
 Micronesia |
Indirectly-elected |
2023
|
 Moldova |
2020 |
2021
|
 Monaco |
Monarchy |
2023
|
 Mongolia |
2021 |
2024
|
 Montserrat |
Monarchy |
2019
|
 Montenegro |
2023 |
2023
|
 Morocco |
Monarchy |
2021 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Mozambique |
2019 |
2019
|
 Myanmar |
Indirectly-elected |
2020 |
2020
|
 Namibia |
2019 |
2019 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Nauru |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
2022
|
 Nepal |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
2022 |
Indirectly-elected (2024)
|
 Netherlands |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Indirectly-elected (2023)
|
 New Zealand |
Monarchy |
2023
|
 Nicaragua |
2021 |
2021
|
 Niger |
2020–21 |
2020–21
|
 Nigeria |
2023 |
2023 |
2023
|
 Niue |
Monarchy |
2023
|
 Northern Cyprus |
2020 |
2022
|
 North Macedonia |
2019 |
2020
|
 Norway |
Monarchy |
2021
|
 Oman |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Appointed
|
 Pakistan |
Indirectly-elected (2024) |
2024 |
Indirectly-elected (2024)
|
 Palau |
2020 |
2020 |
2020
|
 Palestine |
2005 |
2006
|
 Panama |
2024 |
2024
|
 Papua New Guinea |
Monarchy |
2022
|
 Paraguay |
2023 |
2023 |
2023
|
 Peru |
2021 |
2021
|
 Philippines |
2022 |
2022 |
2022
|
 Pitcairn Islands |
Monarchy |
2023
|
 Poland |
2020 |
2023 |
2023
|
 Portugal |
2021 |
2024
|
 Qatar |
Monarchy |
2021
|
 Romania |
2019 |
2020 |
2020
|
 Russia |
2024 |
2021 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 Rwanda |
2024 |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Sahrawi Republic |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
2023
|
 Saint Helena |
Monarchy |
2021
|
 Saint Kitts and Nevis |
Monarchy |
2022
|
 Saint Lucia |
Monarchy |
2021 |
Appointed
|
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Monarchy |
2020
|
 Samoa |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2021
|
 San Marino |
Indirectly-elected |
2024
|
 São Tomé and Príncipe |
2021 |
2022
|
 Saudi Arabia |
Monarchy |
Appointed
|
 Senegal |
2024 |
2022 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Serbia |
2022 |
2023
|
 Seychelles |
2020 |
2020
|
 Sierra Leone |
2023 |
2023
|
 Singapore |
2023 |
2020
|
 Slovakia |
2024 |
2023
|
 Slovenia |
2022 |
2022
|
 Solomon Islands |
Monarchy |
2024
|
 Somalia |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
Indirectly-elected (2021–2022)
|
 Somaliland |
2017 |
2021 |
Appointed
|
 South Africa |
Indirectly-elected |
2024 |
Indirectly-elected
|
 South Ossetia |
2022 |
2024
|
 South Sudan |
2010 |
2010 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Spain |
Monarchy |
2023 |
2023
|
 Sri Lanka |
2024 |
2020
|
 Sudan |
Provisional |
Provisional
|
 Suriname |
Indirectly-elected |
2020
|
 Sweden |
Monarchy |
2022
|
 Switzerland |
Indirectly-elected |
2023 |
2023
|
 Syria |
2021 |
2024
|
 Tajikistan |
2020 |
2020 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Tanzania |
2020 |
2020
|
 Thailand |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Indirectly-elected (2024)
|
 Togo |
2020 |
2024
|
 Tonga |
Monarchy |
2021
|
 Transnistria |
2021 |
2020
|
 Trinidad and Tobago |
Indirectly-elected |
2020 |
Appointed
|
 Tunisia |
2019 |
2022–2023
|
 Turkey |
2023 |
2023
|
 Turkmenistan |
2022 |
2023
|
 Turks and Caicos Islands |
Monarchy |
2021
|
 Tuvalu |
Monarchy |
2024
|
 Uganda |
2021 |
2021
|
 Ukraine |
2019 |
2019
|
 United Arab Emirates |
Monarchy |
2023
|
 United Kingdom |
Monarchy |
2024 |
Appointed
|
 United States |
2020 |
2022 |
2022
|
 Uruguay |
2019 |
2019 |
2019
|
 Uzbekistan |
2023 |
2019–2020 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
 Vanuatu |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2022
|
 Vatican City |
Elective monarchy
(2013) |
Appointed
|
 Venezuela |
2018 |
2020
|
 Vietnam |
Indirectly-elected |
2021
|
 Yemen |
2012 |
2003
|
 Zambia |
2021 |
2021
|
 Zimbabwe |
2023 |
2023 |
2023
|
