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List of Egyptian castles, forts, fortifications and city walls

Many buildings in Egypt can be put under the classification of castles, citadels, forts, and fortifications.

Cairo Citadel was first established by Saladin and later expanded by several rulers including Muhammad Ali Pasha. It is included in a World Heritage Site Historic Cairo.[1]
Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria is one of the well preserved Egyptian castles.

List by age

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Pharaonic

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Lower Egypt

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Middle Egypt

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Upper Egypt

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Sinai

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Western Desert

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Excavated room inside the fort of Qasr Allam, Libyan desert, Egypt

Nubia

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Semna & Kumma forts view from west
 
Shalfak fort plan

Persian

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Greco-Roman

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Cairo

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Delta

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Kharga Oasis

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Red Sea

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Fayoum

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Lower Egypt

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  • Al-Heita fort, Eastern desert, Qena.[23]

Sinai

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North coast

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Islamic

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Cairo

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Alexandria

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Western tower of the Greek & Islamic town wall, Alexandria, Egypt
 
Western tower, remains of the Hellenistic & Islamic city wall, Alexandria, Egypt
 
Western tower of the Greek town wall, Alexandria, Egypt

Red Sea and Eastern desert

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Sinai

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Western desert

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Modern Egypt

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Cairo

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Alexandria and North coast

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Western Desert

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Sinai

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Suez Canal

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Red Sea and Eastern Desert

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List by areas and time

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Western Desert

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  • Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham, a Ramesside fort near the Libyan coast where trade goods were found. For example, cakes of Egyptian blue pigment, brought there for export, were found,[58] along with indications of exotic imports such as olive oil and wine.[59]

Alexandria

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Rosetta

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Port Said

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Damietta

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Damietta fortification and Tower 1600s
  • Ezzbet El-Borg Defensive tower.
  • Urabi Fort.
  • Old Damietta city wall and Fortifications.

Sinai castles, forts, fortifications and citadels

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See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fortresses in Egypt.

References

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  1. ^ UNESCO, Decision Text, World Heritage Centre, retrieved 21 July 2017
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Ancient Egypt military architecture
  3. ^ Alexander the Great
  4. ^ a b Tandamane works
  5. ^ a b c "Qantara East history". Archived from the original on 2008-05-19. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  6. ^ a b c Niebuhr travels
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Said Aly Sinai, the Meaning and Importance (in Arabic) ISBN 977-437-760-5
  8. ^ Large old Sinai fortress
  9. ^ Ramsis II Pelusium Fort
  10. ^ Tharu fortifications
  11. ^ Tharu castle thesis
  12. ^ Siwa Oasis
  13. ^ Buhen castle
  14. ^ Ancient Egypt architecture
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h Egyptian Fortresses in Nubia Archived 2009-08-30 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ Babylon fort history & photos
  17. ^ a b c d e "Roman forts in Kharga Oasis". Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h Kharga Oasis
  19. ^ a b c Porphyrite
  20. ^ Castellum of Badia
  21. ^ Red Sea Roman fort wall
  22. ^ "Fayoum Roman fort". Archived from the original on 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  23. ^ Qena
  24. ^ Egypt history
  25. ^ Alexandria histories
  26. ^ "Al Fustat city walls". Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  27. ^ Alexandria history
  28. ^ Quseir Fort[permanent dead link]
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Sinai castles Archived 2008-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ^ a b Photo of Qalaat Al-Gindi
  31. ^ a b Photos
  32. ^ a b c d e f "North Sinai forts". Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  33. ^ a b Description of Nakhl Fortress
  34. ^ a b El Tina castle
  35. ^ Siwa fot photo
  36. ^ Siwa Villa & Fort photo
  37. ^ Rain damage of Siwa fort
  38. ^ "Siwa old photos". Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  39. ^ Siwa Oasis
  40. ^ "Alex history". Archived from the original on 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  41. ^ Marsa Matrouh
  42. ^ Matruh Fortified position
  43. ^ Italian invasion of Egypt
  44. ^ Africa Korps Archived 2008-08-27 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ Sidi Barani fortified camps
  46. ^ 1.JmA - Compass
  47. ^ North Africa battle
  48. ^ Fortified Alam el Halfa
  49. ^ Fortified Alam el Halfa
  50. ^ Sollum Fortified camp
  51. ^ Operation Crusader
  52. ^ Battle of the Omars
  53. ^ North Africa campagain
  54. ^ "le général Rommel". Archived from the original on 2006-03-23. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  55. ^ sharm-al-shaykh
  56. ^ Fry, Michael, and Hochstein, Miles. "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh." International History Review 15 (1993): 46 - 83 "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh."
  57. ^ a b Castle Zaman
  58. ^ Rehren, Th., Pusch, E.B. & Herold, A. (2001). "Problems and possibilities in workshop reconstruction: Qantir and the organization of LBA glass working sites". In A.J. Shortland (ed.). The social context of technological change, Egypt and the Near East 1650–1550 BC. Proceedings of a conference held at St Edmund Hall, Oxford 12–14 September 2000. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-84217-050-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  59. ^ "The Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham Project - Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk.
  60. ^ a b c d "مصر تكتشف بقايا قلعة عسكرية فرعونية في سيناء". 5 June 2008.
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