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Koryak (/ˈkɔːriæk/ KOR-ee-ak) is a Chukotko-Kamchatkan language spoken by 1,665 people as of 2010[1] in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Koryak Okrug. It is mostly spoken by Koryaks. Its close relative, the Chukchi language, is spoken by about three times that number. The language together with Chukchi, Alyutor and Itelmen forms the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family.[2] Its native name in Koryak is нымылан nymylan, but variants of the Russian name "Koryak" are most commonly used in English and other languages. The Chukchi and Koryaks form a cultural unit with an economy based on reindeer herding and both have autonomy within the Russian Federation. The language is also known as Nymylan, Korjakische, Chavchuven and Koræiki.[3]
| Koryak | |
|---|---|
| чавʼчывэн; чавʼчываелыел | |
 Koryak language in Koryak with transliteration | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Koryak Okrug |
| Ethnicity | 7,485 Koryaks |
Native speakers | 1665, 21% of ethnic population (2010 census)[1] |
Chukotko-Kamchatkan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kpy |
| Glottolog | kory1246 |
| ELP | Koryak |
 Pre-contact distribution of Koryak (purple) and other Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages | |
 Koryak is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Phonology
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ə | o |
| Open | a |
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | t | c | k | q | ||
| Fricative | plain | β | ɣ | ʕ | |||
| dental | v | ||||||
| Affricate | t͡ʃ | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Liquid | l | ʎ | |||||
| Approximant | (w) | j | |||||
Koryak alphabet
edit| А а | Б б | В в | Вʼ вʼ | Г г | Гʼ гʼ | Д д | Е е |
| Ё ё | Ж ж | З з | И и | Й й | К к | Ӄ ӄ | Л л |
| М м | Н н | Ӈ ӈ | О о | П п | Р р | С с | Т т |
| У у | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ |
| Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
References
edit- ^ a b "Population of the Russian Federation by Languages (in Russian)" (PDF). Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal Bureau of Government Statistics, in Russian). 2010. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
- ^ Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world. Brown, E. K., Ogilvie, Sarah. (1st ed.). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. 2009. pp. 239–241. ISBN 9780080877754. OCLC 318247422.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Koryak". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ Zhukova, 1972
Further reading
edit- Bogoras, Waldemar, and Franz Boas. Koryak Texts. Leyden: E.J. Brill, 1917.
- Comrie, Bernard. Inverse Verb Forms in Siberia Evidence from Chukchee, Koryak and Kamchadal. Amsterdam: Bibliotheek v.h. Inst. voor Algemene Taalwetenschap v.d. Univ. van Amsterdam], 1985.
- Zhukova, A. N., 1972. Grammatika Korjakskogo Jazyka: Fonetika, Morfologia. Moscow: Akademia Nauk SSSR. 327pp. (In kyrill. Schrift).
- Zhukova, A. N., and Tokusu Kurebito. Basic topical dictionary of the Koryak-Chukchi languages = Basovyĭ tematicheskiĭ slovarʹ kori︠a︡ksko-chukotskikh i︠a︡zykov. Tokyo, Japan: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 2004.
- Campbell, George L. and Gareth King. "Compendium of the World's Languages". 2013.ISBN 4-87297-896-X
External links
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