Hezekiah Frith, Sr. (1763–1848) was an 18th-century British ship owner, slave trader and privateer. One of the richest men in Bermuda during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, he built the Spithead House in Warwick, Bermuda.[1]
Hezekiah Frith | |
|---|---|
A portrait of Hezekiah Frith. | |
| Born | 1763 |
| Died | 1848 Bermuda |
| Nationality | English |
| Children | Hezekiah Frith Jr. |
| Piratical career | |
| Type | Privateer |
| Allegiance | Great Britain |
| Years active | 1790s–1810s |
| Rank | Captain |
| Base of operations | Bermuda |
| Later work | Ship owner |
Life
editBorn in Bermuda, he was one of seven children born to Captain William Frith and Sarah Lee. As a successful shipowner during the 1780s and 1790s, he became engaged in privateering and smuggling, from which he reportedly made his fortune.[2] In August 1796 he slipped into the French port of Cap Français at San Domingo during the night and stole away a captured British transport ship.[3]
Participating in a number of privateering expeditions with the Royal Navy, he is supposed to have hoarded treasure from at least two captured ships in the store he operated next to the Spithead House on Granaway Deep; he supposedly used the water tank at Spithead to smuggle captured goods and other valuable items before filing claim at the Customs House. He apparently has multiple accounts of robbery of ships from Jamaica. Frith is also claimed to have rescued (or kidnapped) a Frenchwoman, whom he kept there as a mistress: both are said to haunt the house, according to local lore. The house would later be owned successively by dramatist Eugene O'Neill, Sir Noël Coward[1][4] and Charlie Chaplin and his wife Oona O'Neill (Lady Chaplin).[5]
The Granaway home on Harbour Road, which he had built for his daughter, was later bought by a family of free blacks descended from a slave named Caprice, who had originally been brought to Bermuda on a ship captured by Hezekiah Frith on one of his voyages. Adele Tucker, a well-known Bermudian educator and co-founder of Bermuda Union of Teachers, grew up in the home.[6]
He was married three times, his daughters all marrying Presbyterian ministers; his son Hezekiah Frith, Jr. became a prominent religious figure.
Descendants
editBrother and sister Heather Nova and Mishka, two popular Bermudian singers and songwriters, and their uncle, Michael K. Frith, are descendants of Frith.[7] William Roger Frith, Carter Andrew Frith and Benjamin James Frith are notable descendants.
Notable Works
editFrith was a slave trader. He used both enslaved people and free men to crew his ships. As a privateer he would recover stolen British slave ships in order to sell the captives himself.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b Forbes, Keith Archibald (20 May 2008). "Bermuda's Warwick Parish". Bermuda-online.org.
- ^ Bowen, Croswell. The Curse of the Misbegotten: A Tale of the House of O'Neill. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959. (pg. 159)
- ^ Bermuda Optimist Dinghy Association (21 May 2008). "Competitive Sailing: Bermuda's Shared Maritime Heritage". Boda.bm. Archived from the original on 27 June 2007.
- ^ Gorham, Laura (2003). "Art Scene: Bookish Bermuda". ExperienceBermuda.com. Archived from the original on 3 June 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2008.
- ^ "Ports: King's Wharf". CruiseCritic.com. 1995.
- ^ "Adele Evelina Johnson Tucker". BermudaBiographies.bm. 2007. Archived from the original on 15 November 2009.
- ^ Jones, Rosemary. Moon Bermuda. Emeryville, California: Avelon Travel Publishing, 2006 (p. 65); ISBN 1-56691-902-9
- ^ Zuill, William S. The Story of Bermuda and Her People. New York: Macmillan, 1973. (pg.108)
Further reading
edit- Kennedy, Jean de Chantal. Biography of a Colonial Town, Hamilton, Bermuda, 1790–1897. Hamilton: Bermuda Books, 1961.
- Kennedy, Jean de Chantal. Frith of Bermuda, Gentleman Privateer: a biography of Hezekiah Frith, 1763–1848. Hamilton: Bermuda Books, 1964.
- Wilkinson, Henry Campbell. Bermuda from Sail to Steam: The History of the Island from 1784 to 1901. London: Oxford University Press, 1973.