Henry Berengar[1][2] (1136/7–1150), sometimes numbered Henry (VI),[3][4] was the eldest legitimate son of Conrad III of Germany and his second wife, Gertrude von Sulzbach. He was named after his father's maternal grandfather, the Emperor Henry IV, and his mother's father, Count Berengar II of Sulzbach. He was groomed for the succession, but predeceased his father.
In 1139, Henry was betrothed to Sophia, daughter of King Béla II of Hungary. She moved to Germany to learn German language and court culture, but relations between Germany and Hungary cooled after the death of her father in 1141. The marriage was cancelled while Sophia was still residing in Germany. After several letters to her brother, King Géza II, she received permission to remain in the German monastery where she had been living. Conrad and Henry likewise approved.[5] Henry witnessed for the first time a diploma issued by his father in 1142. He witnessed two more before his coronation.[4]
Conrad had the princes elect Henry, then ten years old, as co-King of Germany at a diet in Regensburg on 13 March 1147, before Conrad left on the Second Crusade.[6][7] Henry was anointed and crowned on Laetare Sunday (30 March) in Aachen.[7][8] During his father's absence on crusade (June 1147–May 1149), he was placed under the tutorship of the powerful abbot Wibald and the notary Heinrich von Wiesenbach.[7][9] For his services, Heinrich was raised to the rank of master (magister) or protonotary (protonotarius).[7] Nine letters (eight in full) written by or for Henry survive from this period of his reign,[7] but no diplomas do.[4]
The young Henry was the winning general at the Battle of Flochberg (1150) against Welf VI and Welf VII.[10] The military prowess of the young ruler was emphasised in letters (dated the week of 16–20 April 1150 at Würzburg) to the Byzantine emperor Manuel I and the empress Irene, Gertrude's sister, informing them of the victory.[11][12] Henry died later that year[13][14] and was buried at the monastery of Lorch.
Notes
edit- ^ Dale 2016, p. 195.
- ^ Decker-Hauff 1977, p. 354: Heinrich-Berengar.
- ^ Fuhrmann 1986, p. 202.
- ^ a b c Ward 2022, pp. 109–110.
- ^ Lyon 2013, pp. 236–37.
- ^ Fuhrmann 1986, p. 130.
- ^ a b c d e Hausmann 1969, p. 519.
- ^ Waitz 1879, p. 37, Annales Aquenses, s.a. 1147: Heinricus puer 10 annorum, filius Conradi regis, in media quadragesima, scilicet 3. Kal. Aprilis, unctus est in regem Aquisgrani ("Henry, a boy of ten years, son of King Conrad, in the midst of Lent, that is 30 March, is anointed to the kingship at Aachen").
- ^ Bumke 1991, p. 461.
- ^ Reuter 2001, p. 153.
- ^ Hausmann 1969, pp. 404–06, for Conrad's letter (no. 229) to Irene
- ^ Hausmann 1969, pp. 530–31, for Henry's letter (no. 10) to Manuel, and pp. 531–32 for his letter (no. 11) to Irene.
- ^ Fuhrmann 1986, p. 132.
- ^ Waitz 1879, p. 38, Annales Aquenses, s.a. 1150: Obiit Heinricus rex puer 13 annorum ("King Henry, a boy of thirteen years, died").
Sources
edit- Bumke, Joachim (1991). Courtly Culture: Literature and Society in the High Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520066342.
- Dale, Johanna (2016). "Inauguration and Political Liturgy in the Hohenstaufen Empire, 1138–1215". German History. 34 (2): 191–213. doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghw014.
- Decker-Hauff, Hansmartin [in German] (1977). "Das Staufische Haus". In Reiner Haussherr (ed.). Die Zeit der Staufer: Geschichte, Kunst, Kultur. Vol. 3. Stuttgart. pp. 339–374.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Fuhrmann, Horst (1986). Germany in the High Middle Ages: c.1050–1200. Translated by Timothy Reuter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Hausmann, Friedrich, ed. (1969). "Die Urkunden Konrads III. und seines Sohnes Heinrich [Conradi III. et filii eius Heinrici Diplomata]". Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Vol. 21. Vienna.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Lyon, Jonathan R. (2013). Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100–1250. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
- Reuter, Timothy (2001). "The 'Non-Crusade' of 1149–50". In Phillips, Jonathan; Hoch, Martin (eds.). The Second Crusade: Scope and Consequences. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 150–63.
- Waitz, Georg, ed. (1879). "Annales Aquenses". Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores. Vol. 24. Hanover. pp. 33–39.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Ward, Emily Joan (2022). Royal Childhood and Child Kingship: Boy Kings in England, Scotland, France and Germany, c. 1050–1262. Cambridge University Press.