The Green Book is a document issued since 1972 by the Central Tibetan Administration (commonly known as the Tibetan Government in Exile) to Tibetans living outside Tibet, and described by the issuing organization as "the most official document issued by the Tibetan Government in Exile."[1] More than 90 percent of Tibetan exiles own one.[2] It serves as a receipt book for the person's "voluntary taxes" to the CTA, and has been described by a CTA official as "the passport of the exiled Tibetans to claim their rights from the Tibetan Government in Exile".[3] The CTA says that in the future, the document "will become the basis for claiming Tibetan citizenship".[1]
The document is valid for five years.
History
editA system for collecting an annual "voluntary contribution" from the Tibetans in exile was introduced by the Central Tibetan Administration on 1 August 1972. On 3 March 2005 an updated Green Book format was launched by the CTA's Department of Finance; the document holders data are stored in a computer database that had been created in a project that had started two years previously.[4]
Blue Book
editThe Green Book is issued only to Tibetan exiles, but starting in 1996 the CTA has also issued a Blue Book to non-citizens to raise funds for "the social and resource development fund".[5]: 73 [6] The official name is the Tibetan Solidarity Partnership project.[6]
Eligibility
editAs of 2010, the CTA web site states that "Any Tibetan who has aged 6 or more is obligated to apply for Green Book and become a full-fledged member of the exile Tibetan community. The Green Book affirms that the individual is a legitimate exile Tibetan who is affiliated to the Tibetan Exile Government."[7]
For this purpose, CTA defines a Tibetan as "any person born in Tibet, or any person with one parent who was born in Tibet", and, as Tibetan refugees often lack documents attesting to their place of birth, the eligibility is usually established by an interview. Green Books have been issued since 1971. They are owned by more than 90 per cent of Tibetan refugees.[8]
Contributions
editBefore the issuance of the book, one is expected to pay an annual "voluntary tax" to the CTA.[3] As of 2008, the tax is ₹58 (US$1.10) for adults residing in India, and US$44 for adult residents of the United States. The Green Book logs all the taxes the holder has paid. It is a major source of funding for the Central Tibetan Administration.[9]
According to the CTA website, the rate is lower for students and the unemployed.[1] But those in India, Nepal, and Bhutan who work for a salary are supposed to contribute 4% of their base salary or 2% of their gross salary (whichever is higher), whereas for those who had income other than salary, the suggested annual contribution was 0.15% of their net annual income.[citation needed]
Benefits eligibility
editAccording to the CTA, the Data Unit of the Department of Finance manages the central database of Green Book holders.[7]
The holder of a green book needs to be current on their contributions in order to exercise such rights with the CTA as voting or standing for election, applying for scholarships awarded by the CTA, or for employment with the CTA.[3]
The Green Book is not an international travel document. Those Tibetans who live in India but do not have Indian citizenship can receive a travel document from the Indian authorities. It was reported in 1994 that the process of applying for such a document typically starts with presenting one's Green Book (along with various other documents) to the CTA office in Dharamsala, which then forwards one's application to the Indian authorities.[10]
References
edit- ^ a b c [Gyalthon Manyul - Green Book] (The Government of Tibet in Exile).
- ^ Fiona McConnell, Rehearsing the State: The Political Practices of the Tibetan Government-in-Exile, p. 138
- ^ a b c Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ottawa (28 April 2006). China: The 'Green Book' issued to Tibetans; how it is obtained and maintained, and whether holders enjoy rights equivalent to Indian citizenship (April 2006) (Report). CHN101133.E.
{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ New Book For Annual Contribution Launched, 4 March 2005, archived from the original on 19 June 2010, retrieved 30 July 2010
- ^ Subramanya, N. (2004). Human Rights and Refugees. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7648-683-5.
- ^ a b "Friends of Tibet". Central Tibetan Administration. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ a b CTA, Department of Finance (Accessed 30 July 2010)
- ^ http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jan/30inter.htm The Rediff Interview/Samdhong Rinpoche Lobsang Tenzin
- ^ Shankar, Jay (29 April 2008). "Rinpoche Defies China as Tibet's Prime Minister Based in India". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
- ^ "India: Information on whether the Indian government issues documents to Tibetan refugees in India to travel abroad and, if so, what type of documents; information on the issue and renewal procedures outside India and on the rights of Tibetan refugees in India to education and employment and to re-entry after visiting abroad" (Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, document IND19143.E, 1 December 1994)