English: Fig. 5. Wings and Body of a Moth. h. Head; th. Thorax; col. Collar; lap. Lappet; ab. Abdomen. b.l. basal line; b.s. basal streak; i.l. inner line; c.s. claviform stigma; o.s. orbicular stigma; c. central shade; r.s. reniform stigma; o.l. outer line; a.p. apical patch; s.m. submarginal line. In describing a moth various markings, etc., have to be referred to, and as it may assist the reader more easily to locate the usual position of such characters the accompanying diagram has been prepared. The lines crossing the fore wings from the front edge, or margin (costa), to the inner edge, or margin (dorsum), are generally styled transverse lines; the short one is the basal; the first long one is the inner, or antemedial; the second is the outer, or postmedial; and the third is the submarginal, or subterminal. The whole wing, less the margins, is sometimes called the disc; but it is more convenient to divide the fore wing into three parts, naming that between the base of the wing and the first line the basal area; the space between the first and second lines the central or median area, and the part beyond the second line the outer area. The more or less round or oval rings or dashes on the central area are the stigmata, and these characters occur more especially in the Noctuidæ. The hind wings usually have a fine short line, crescent, or spot, at the end of the cell, as in the butterflies, and there is generally a line or band beyond.