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El Socialista (newspaper)

El Socialista is a socialist newspaper published in Madrid, Spain. The paper is the organ of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).[1]

El Socialista
Front page dated 18 July 1938
TypeMonthly newspaper
Owner(s)Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
Founder(s)Pablo Iglesias
Founded12 March 1886; 138 years ago (1886-03-12)
Political alignmentSocialist
LanguageSpanish
HeadquartersMadrid
CountrySpain
ISSN0210-4725
Websiteelsocialista.es

History and profile

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El Socialista was established by Pablo Iglesias, founder of the PSOE, in Madrid,[2] and the first issue appeared on 12 March 1886.[3][4] The paper is owned and published by the PSOE and its union, Union General de Trabajadores (UGT).[5][6] The headquarters of the paper is in Madrid.[7]

It was started as a two-page publication.[8] In 1913 the paper began to be published daily.[3] In December 1935 the control of the paper was taken by the centrist group within the PSOE led by Indalecio Prieto as a result of the resignation of Francisco Largo Caballero from the presidency of the party.[9]

El Socialista was published weekly in the early 1970s.[10] The paper was closed during the rule of Francisco Franco.[5] However, El Socialista continued its publication clandestinely in that period.[11] In 1978 it resumed its regular publication.[5]

The paper is currently published monthly, while its online edition is active every day.

Contributors and editors

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Miguel Unamuno and Santiago Carrillo were among the early contributors.[3][12] The paper was first directed by its founder Pablo Iglesias who held the post until 1913 when Mariano García Cortes began to edit it.[13] In 1914 Eduardo Torralba Beci was appointed editor-in-chief of El Socialista, replacing Cortes in the post.[13][14] Torralba served in the post for one year, and Pablo Iglesias retook the paper and edited it until his death in 1925.[13]

Enrique Angulo, son-in-law of the socialist politician Ramón Lamoneda, also served as the director of the paper.[15] Another director was Andrés Saborit.[16] In the mid-1930s the editor was Julián Zugazagoitia.[12]

Content and circulation

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El Socialista did not show enthusiasm about the communist revolution in Russia in 1917.[17] It even argued that the revolution was a departure from the significant obligation of Russia to defeat the German Empire.[17] The first supportive article about the revolution appeared in March 1918.[18] In the early 1930s El Socialista criticized the New Deal economic program of the USA.[19] With the rise of conservatism in Spain from 1933 the paper became one of the opposition publications criticizing the government.[20] Immediately after World War II El Socialista adopted an anti-Communist political stance and reported the political tenets of the PSOE.[21] In the 1940s and 1950s it supported the Zionist causes and was an ardent critic of the Arabs who were portrayed in a negative manner.[21] It also considered Egypt as "a miserable country."[21]

In 1949 El Socialista sold only 8,000 copies.[21]

References

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  1. ^ Alejandro López (17 August 2011). "Spanish mayor desecrates mausoleum of fascist victims". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  2. ^ Primitivo R. Sanjurjo (November 1923). "Socialism in Spain". Current History. 19 (2): 237–244. doi:10.1525/curh.1923.19.2.237. JSTOR 45327311. S2CID 249071075.
  3. ^ a b c David Ortiz (2000). Paper Liberals: Press and Politics in Restoration Spain. Westport, CT; London: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-313-31216-8.
  4. ^ "El socialista órgano del Partido Socialista Obrero". University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  5. ^ a b c Laura Desfor Edles (1998). Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: The Transition to Democracy After Franco. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-521-62885-3.
  6. ^ "Union General de Trabajadores (UGT)". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  7. ^ Gabriel Jackson (2012). Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 555. ISBN 978-1-4008-2018-4.
  8. ^ Víctor Alba (1983). The Communist Party in Spain. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-4128-1999-2.
  9. ^ Sandra Souto Kustrín (April 2004). "Taking the Street: Workers' Youth Organizations and Political Conflict in the Spanish Second Republic". European History Quarterly. 34 (2): 148. doi:10.1177/0265691404042505. S2CID 144078009.
  10. ^ "El socialista". Library of Congress. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  11. ^ James Burns (1977). "The wrinkled new face of Spain". Index on Censorship. 6 (3): 5. doi:10.1080/03064227708532644. S2CID 144407982.
  12. ^ a b Julius Ruiz (2007). "Defending the Republic: The García Atadell Brigade in Madrid, 1936". Journal of Contemporary History. 42 (1): 100. doi:10.1177/0022009407071625. S2CID 159559553.
  13. ^ a b c Eduardo Montagut (20 May 2022). "Los inicios de El Socialista". El Obrero (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  14. ^ Paul Heywood (2003). Marxism and the Failure of Organised Socialism in Spain, 1879-1936. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-521-53056-9.
  15. ^ Patricia Weiss Fagen (1973). Exiles and Citizens. Spanish Republicans in Mexico. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. p. 123. doi:10.7560/720022. ISBN 9781477301685.
  16. ^ Francisco Javier Rodriguez Jimenez (2016). "Trade Unionism and Spain-Us Political Relations, 1945-1953". Ventunesimo Secolo. 15 (8): 105. doi:10.3280/XXI2016-038006.
  17. ^ a b Paul Preston (January 1977). "The Origins of the Socialist Schism in Spain, 1917-31". Journal of Contemporary History. 12 (1): 103. doi:10.1177/002200947701200105. S2CID 162423505.
  18. ^ Paul Kennedy (2013). The Spanish Socialist Party and the modernisation of Spain. Manchester; New York: Manchester University Press. p. 17. ISBN 9781526102898.
  19. ^ María Luz Arroyo Vázquez (2005). "European views of the New Deal: The case of Spain". Journal of Transatlantic Studies. 3 (2): 229. doi:10.1080/14794010608656827. S2CID 189946599.
  20. ^ Grant Daryl Moss (2010). Political poetry in the wake of the Second Spanish Republic: Rafael Alberti, Pablo Neruda, and Nicolás Guillén (MA thesis). Ohio State University. p. 33.
  21. ^ a b c d Dario Migliucci (2019). "East conflict (1947–57): The portrayal of Israelis and Arabs in the Spanish left-wing press". Journal of Israeli History. 37 (1): 90, 94, 96. doi:10.1080/13531042.2019.1623539. S2CID 197820300.
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