Elżbieta Zawacka

Elżbieta Zawacka was born in Toruń (in German, Thorn), part of the Prussian Partition of Poland, and graduated from Poznań University in mathematics. When she was 10 years old, in 1919, her city, Toruń, returned to reborn Poland, which regained independence in 1918. She passed her high school diploma in Polish Toruń. In the late 1930s she taught at several secondary schools, simultaneously working as an instructor for Przysposobienie Wojskowe Kobiet (Women's Military Training). During the 1939 invasion of Poland, she was commandant of the Silesian-district Women's Military Training, participating in the defense of Lwów.

In October 1939 she joined the Silesian branch of Armed Resistance under the nom de guerre "Zelma", which she later changed to "Zo". In late 1940 she was transferred to Warsaw and began performing courier journeys. She was also deputy head of Zagroda, the Home Army's Foreign Communication Department. In February 1943 she traveled across Germany, France, and Spain to Gibraltar, whence she was transported by air to London. In Britain she underwent parachute training, and on 10 September 1943 she dropped into Poland, said to be "the only woman in the history of the Silent Unseen" (disputed, as she had not completed the full training course).^[1]

In 1944 Zawacka fought in the Warsaw Uprising, and after its defeat moved to Kraków, where she continued her underground activities. In 1945 she joined the anti-Communist organization Freedom and Independence (WiN), but quit soon afterwards and took up a teaching job.

In 1951 she was arrested and tortured by Urząd Bezpieczeństwa (Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs). She was sentenced to 10 years in prison for treason and espionage, but her sentence was shortened and she was released in 1955. After her release from prison, she earned a doctorate degree from Gdańsk University. She was a tenured professor at the Institute of Pedagogy at Mikołaj Kopernik University in Toruń, where she established the department of andragogy. She retired from teaching in 1978 after Służba Bezpieczeństwa closed the department. She was an active member of the World Union of Home Army Soldiers and cooperated with Solidarność in the 1980s.

•   Order of the White Eagle (1995)
•   Silver Cross of Order of Virtuti Militari, twice (10 September 1943 i 2 October 1944)
•   Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1993)
•   Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1990)
•   Cross of Valour, five times (1941,1942,1943)
•   Golden Cross of Merit with Swords (1944)
•   Cross of Freedom and Solidarity (posthumously, 2017)
•   Army Medal, four timers (1970)
•   Cross of the Home Army (1970)
•   Cross of Combat Action of the Polish Armed Forces in the West (1991)
•   Medal Pro Memoria (2005)

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  Elżbieta Zawacka, 2006
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  Former Municipal Junior High School and Classical and Humanistic Female Lyceum in Toruń, alma mater of Elżbieta Zawacka
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  Monument to Elżbieta Zawacka (before Elżbieta Zawacka Foundation), Toruń, unveiled 23 September 2014
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  Plaque on Elżbieta Zawacka Bridge in Toruń
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  Grave of Elżbieta Zawacka at Cemetery of St. George in Toruń
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  Commemorative plaque at Gagarina Street 132–138 in Toruń
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  Elżbieta Zawacka Foundation headquarters in Toruń

• List of Poles
• Maria Wittek

• "Fundacja Generał Elżbiety Zawackiej" [General Elżbieta Zawacka Foundation] (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
• "Elżbieta Zawacka". 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18.
• "Zawacka Elżbieta". Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
• "Zawacka Elżbieta". WIEM Encyklopedia (in Polish). 2019. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019.
• Stokes, Tim (2024-08-03). "Agent Zo: The woman who parachuted into Nazi-occupied Poland". BBC Home. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
• "Elżbieta Zawacka". Liberation Route Europe. 2022-05-25. Retrieved 2024-08-05.