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The eastern dwarf tree frog (Litoria fallax), also known as the eastern sedge-frog, is a species of tree frog. It is a small and very common frog and found on the eastern coast of Australia, from around Cairns, Queensland, to around Ulladulla, New South Wales. Individual frogs of this species are often found elsewhere, having been accidentally relocated by transported fruit boxes. Confirmed sightings of breeding pairs have confirmed their survival in Victoria's cooler climate.
| Eastern dwarf tree frog | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hylidae |
| Genus: | Litoria |
| Species: | L. fallax
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| Binomial name | |
| Litoria fallax Peters, 1880
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| Eastern dwarf tree frog distribution | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Description
editThis is a small species of frog; females can reach a maximum size of 25–30 mm, while males may only reach 20 mm when fully grown. It is of variable colour (depending upon temperature and colour of surrounding environment), ranging from fawn to light green on top, and occasionally has black flecks on its back. A white line begins under the eye, and joins the white stomach. A brown line begins from the nostril, and continues across the eye, and between the green (or fawn) and white sections on the top and bottom of the body. This species' toe discs are only slightly larger than the toes, and toes are 75% webbed. Some individuals will have an orange posterior thigh. The tadpoles are bigger than the adult frogs, with a size of 30 mm.
Taxonomy
editL. fallax was first described in 1880 by Wilhelm Peters as Hylomantis fallax.[3][4] The Australian Faunal Directory also considers Hyla bicolor glauerti[5] to be a synonym, with the decision for synonymy being based on Cogger.[3][6]
Ecology and behaviour
editThis frog is associated with a wide variety of habitats, including coastal swamps, lagoons, dams, ditches, and garden ponds in forest, heathland, wallum country, and cleared farmland. It lives in reeds and similar plants both near and away from the water, and often inhabits banana trees in the northern areas of Australia, and are sometimes shipped with the bananas throughout Australia. They are known in Australia for becoming lost frogs by turning up in fruit shops outside of their normal range.
Breeding
editBreeding occurs at small ponds or dams, which have ample reeds or other emergent vegetation. This species will often breed in temporary water. Its call is a short, high pitched, wr-e-e-ek ip-ip, repeated three or four times. They emit their calls from a single submandibular vocal sac. The males call during the spring and summer seasons, often before and after heavy rain.
About 200-301 eggs are laid at each amplexus, and clumps of spawn contain up to 35 eggs. The minimum tadpole lifespan is 118 days, at a consist temperature of 20 °C. Metamorphosis occurs from January to March, the metamorphs resemble the adults and are very small, only 9–13 mm in length.
Similar species
editThis species is a member of the dwarf tree frog complex. This species complex is composed of the northern dwarf tree frog (L. bicolor), the Cooloola sedge frog (L. cooloolensis), and the Wallum sedge frog (L. olongburensis), as well as this species. All of these species are similar in size and have a similar ratchet-like call. The species along the east coast often inhabits coastal wallum and acid swamps. Most of these species have more than one common name, with a least one name containing "dwarf tree frog".
As a pet
editIn Australia, the frog may be kept in captivity with the appropriate permit.[7]
References
edit- ^ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2022). "Litoria fallax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T41091A78448993. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T41091A78448993.en. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2024). "Litoria fallax (Peters, 1880) | Amphibian Species of the World". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Archived from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ a b "Australian Faunal Directory: Litoria fallax". biodiversity.org.au. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
- ^ Peters, W. (1880). "Mitteilung über neue oder weniger bekannte Amphibien des Berliner Zoologischen Museums". Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1880: 217-224 [1881 on title page] [224, fig. 4].
- ^ Copland, S.J. (1957). "Presidential address. Australian tree frogs of the genus Hyla". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 82: 9–108 [16].
- ^ Cogger, H.G. (1983), Cogger, H.G.; Cameron, E.E.; Cogger, H.M. (eds.), "Amphibia and Reptilia", Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 1, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service: 43
- ^ Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, New South Wales: Amphibian Keeper's Licence: Species Lists
Other sources
edit- Article Road: List of All Frog Breeds: Things You Can Do to Ensure Your Frog Has a Long, Happy and Healthy Life: Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog
- Anstis, M. 2002. Tadpoles of South-eastern Australia. Reed New Holland: Sydney.
- Robinson, M. 2002. A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum/Reed New Holland: Sydney.
- Frogs Australia Network-frog call available here.
- Australian Frogs A Natural History Michael J. Tyler (1994)