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Birdie Tebbetts

George Robert "Birdie" Tebbetts (November 10, 1912 – March 24, 1999) was an American professional baseball player, manager, scout and front office executive.[1][2] He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher for the Detroit Tigers, Boston Red Sox and the Cleveland Indians from 1936 to 1952. Tebbetts was regarded as the best catcher in the American League in the late 1940s.[3][4]

Birdie Tebbetts
Tebbetts in 1947
Catcher / Manager
Born: (1912-11-10)November 10, 1912
Burlington, Vermont, U.S.
Died: March 24, 1999(1999-03-24) (aged 86)
Bradenton Beach, Florida, U.S.
Batted: Right
Threw: Right
MLB debut
September 16, 1936, for the Detroit Tigers
Last MLB appearance
September 14, 1952, for the Cleveland Indians
MLB statistics
Batting average.270
Home runs38
Runs batted in469
Managerial record748–705
Winning %.515
Stats at Baseball Reference Edit this at Wikidata
Managerial record at Baseball Reference Edit this at Wikidata
Teams
As player

As manager

Career highlights and awards

Although he lacked speed and did not hit for power, Tebbetts was an exceptional defensive catcher and intelligent player who capably directed his pitchers.[3] These traits served him well later in his career, as he became the manager for the Cincinnati Reds, Milwaukee Braves and the Cleveland Indians. His major league career encompassed 14 years as a catcher, 11 as a manager and 28 as a scout.[5]

Early life

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Tebbetts was born in Burlington, Vermont, but his family moved to Nashua, New Hampshire a few months after he was born.[2] Shortly thereafter, his father died, leaving his mother to raise the family.[2] Some reports state that Tebbetts acquired his nickname as a boy after an aunt observed that his voice sounded like a bird chirping, while other reports state the nickname was acquired while attending Providence College.[2][3]

Tebbetts was a star athlete at Nashua High School where he attained All-State status as a football quarterback and as a baseball catcher.[6] He signed a contract with the Detroit Tigers after they agreed to pay his college tuition.[2] He attended Providence College where he became an All-American in baseball before graduating with a degree in philosophy in 1934.[2][6]

Baseball career

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The Tigers purchased future Hall of Fame catcher Mickey Cochrane from the Philadelphia Athletics in December 1933, leaving no place for Tebbetts on the team.[2] He spent the next three seasons playing in the minor leagues before making his MLB debut with the Tigers on September 16, 1936 at the age of 23.[2][7] In the 1937 season, Cochrane's playing career came to an end when he was hit by a pitch and suffered a fractured skull.[2] Rudy York replaced Cochrane as the Tigers' catcher, but his defensive skills were so poor that by the 1939 season, new Tigers manager Del Baker gave Tebbetts a chance to play.[2] He ended the season with a .261 batting average and led American League (AL) catchers in assists and in baserunners caught stealing.[1][8]

In 1940, York was converted into a first baseman, leaving Tebbetts in sole possession of the catcher's position.[9] He responded by posting a .296 batting average, as the Tigers defeated the Cleveland Indians and the New York Yankees in a tight pennant race to clinch the American League title.[1] Tebbetts was held hitless in the 1940 World Series as the Tigers lost to the Cincinnati Reds in a seven-game series.[10] He once again led AL catchers in assists and in baserunners caught stealing.[1][11] In September, Tebbetts had been charged with assault and battery during a game in Cleveland when a basket of tomatoes was dropped on him by a Cleveland fan.[12] As police held the fan, Tebbetts rushed up and struck him. The charges were later dismissed.[13] He developed a reputation for antagonizing opposing players, constantly hectoring them in an effort to have them make mistakes and give his team an advantage.[3][14]

In 1941, Tebbetts was hitting for a .296 average by mid-season and earned a place as a reserve player for the American League in the 1941 All-Star Game.[15][16] He led American League catchers in assists for a third consecutive year.[17] Tebbetts was named the starting catcher for the American League in the 1942 All-Star Game.[18]

 
A 1952 Bowman Gum card of Tebbetts

Despite holding a 3-A draft classification because of his mother's dependency, Tebbetts applied for an Army Air Corps commission.[19] He joined the military services in August 1942 and was assigned to recruiting duties in Waco, Texas during the Second World War.[20][21] Tebbetts honed his managerial skills as a player-manager for the Waco Army Flying School's baseball team.[22] He lost three years of his baseball career to his military service.

After his discharge from the military, Tebbetts returned to play for the Tigers in 1946, posting a .243 batting average in 86 games.[1] He was hitting for only a .094 average in May 1947 when he was traded to the Boston Red Sox for catcher Hal Wagner.[23][24] After the trade, Tebbetts hit for a .299 average for the remainder of the season.[23] There were reports in July 1947 that the Red Sox were considering Tebbetts as a successor to their manager, Joe Cronin.[25] He was hitting for a .286 average at mid-season in 1948 and was named as a reserve catcher for the American League in the 1948 All-Star Game.[26] The Red Sox finished the season in a first place tie with the Cleveland Indians before losing the pennant in a one-game playoff at Fenway Park.[27]

Tebbetts was elected to be the starting catcher for the American League in the 1949 All-Star Game.[28] He hit for a .270 average in 1949 as the Red Sox engaged the New York Yankees in a tight battle for the pennant that was not decided until the final game of the season.[1][29] The Red Sox had a one-game lead with two games left to play in the season, but lost the final two games of the season against their New York rivals to once again finish in second place.[30]

In 1950, the 37-year-old Tebbetts shared catching duties with Matt Batts as he posted a career-high .310 batting average in 84 games.[1] The Red Sox were once again involved in a tight pennant race before faltering to finish in third place in the standings.[31] At a public speaking engagement in October, Tebbetts defended Red Sox manager Steve O'Neill from criticism he received from some of the Red Sox players. In his speech, Tebbetts called the critics "a couple of juvenile delinquents and moronic malcontents."[32] His comments created friction within the team and two months later, his contract was sold to the Cleveland Indians.[2] He spent the final two seasons of his career as a backup catcher for perennial All-Star Jim Hegan.[2] Tebbetts played his final major league game on September 14, 1952 at the age of 38 although in a news report in December 1952, Tebbetts admitted that his actual age was 43, saying that he subtracted five years off his age after he left college.[1][33]

Career statistics

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In a fourteen-year major league career, Tebbetts played in 1,162 games, accumulating 1,000 hits in 3,704 at bats for a .270 career batting average along with 38 home runs, 469 runs batted in and an on-base percentage of .341.[1] He ended his career with a .978 fielding percentage.[1] A four-time All-Star, Tebbetts led American League catchers four times in range factor, three times in assists, twice in baserunners caught stealing, and once in putouts.[1] Before the arrival of Hall of Fame catcher, Carlton Fisk, Tebbetts was voted the Red Sox' all-time best catcher in a 1969 fan poll — a remarkable feat, considering that he spent only four years with the Red Sox.[34]

Managerial and executive career

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Tebbetts during his time as Cincinnati Reds manager.

In December 1952, the Indians General Manager, Hank Greenberg, named Tebbetts as the manager of the Indianapolis Indians.[35] After Tebbetts guided Indianapolis to a fourth-place finish in 1953, he was hired by Gabe Paul to replace Rogers Hornsby as the manager of the Cincinnati Reds.[36] After leading the Reds to fifth-place finishes in 1954 and 1955, Tebbetts led the team to a surprising third-place finish in 1956. The Reds were in first place at mid-season and stayed in the pennant race until the last day of the season, ending up with a 91–63 record, two games behind the Brooklyn Dodgers.[37] For his efforts, the Baseball Writers' Association of America voted Tebbetts as the 1956 Manager of the Year.[38] The Reds rewarded him with a three-year contract in December.[39]

In 1957, Tebbetts had the Reds in first place at mid-season, earning him a place on the cover of Time magazine in July of that year.[40][41] The Reds faltered during the second half of the season and faded to finish in fourth place.[40] Frank Robinson gave Tebbetts credit for his performance during the 1957 season saying, "He kept after me all year and that's what a young ball player needs."[42] In 1958, the Reds fell into last place and Tebbetts announced his resignation on August 14.[43]

In October 1958, Tebbetts was hired as an executive vice president for the Milwaukee Braves.[44] He served in the Braves front office from 1959 through September 1961, but found that he missed the excitement of being on the playing field.[2] When the team fired Chuck Dressen in September 1961, Tebbetts returned to managing for the last month of the season.[2] Ironically, his former team, the Cincinnati Reds, would win the National League pennant that year.[45] Despite having talented players like Hank Aaron, Eddie Mathews, Joe Adcock, Warren Spahn, and Lew Burdette, Tebbetts could manage only a fifth-place finish in 1962.[46]

In October 1962, Tebbetts signed a three-year contract to manage the Cleveland Indians, saying that he felt he owed a long-standing debt to new Indians General Manager, Gabe Paul.[47] After managing the Indians to a fifth-place finish in 1963, he suffered a heart attack during spring training in Tucson, Arizona on April 1, 1964.[48] Just three months later, he returned to manage the team. After a fifth-place finish in 1965, Tebbetts led the Indians to fourteen victories in their first fifteen games of the 1966 season, but the team faltered and fell fifteen games out of first place before he resigned as manager in August.[49][50] Tommy John remembered Tebbetts's advice for pitchers when they faced hitters they really struggled against: tell the hitter exactly what they were going to throw. This was meant to confuse the hitter, who would be unsure whether to believe the pitcher or not.[51]

In eleven seasons as a major league manager, Tebbetts compiled a 748–705 win–loss record.[52] He returned to the minor leagues as a manager in 1967, managing the Marion Mets in the Appalachian League.[53] From 1968 to 1997, Tebbetts scouted for the New York Mets, New York Yankees, Baltimore Orioles and the Florida Marlins.[2] His baseball acuity earned him a reputation as one of the most respected scouts in professional baseball.[54] Reggie Jackson credited Tebbetts' scouting reports for helping him hit three home runs in Game 6 of the 1977 World Series.[55] He retired in 1997, having spent 60 years in baseball, including 53 years in the majors.

Managerial Record

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Team Year Regular season Postseason
Games Won Lost Win % Finish Won Lost Win % Result
CIN 1954 154 74 80 .481 5th in NL – – –
CIN 1955 154 75 79 .487 5th in NL – – –
CIN 1956 154 91 63 .591 3rd in NL – – –
CIN 1957 154 80 74 .519 4th in NL – – –
CIN 1958 0 0 0 – Resigned – – –
CIN total 729 372 357 .510 0 0 –
MIL 1961 25 12 13 .480 Interim – – –
MIL 1962 162 86 76 .531 5th in NL – – –
MIL total 188 98 89 .524 0 0 –
CLE 1963 162 79 83 .488 6th in AL – – –
CLE 1964 90 46 44 .511 6th in AL – – –
CLE 1965 162 87 75 .537 5th in AL – – –
CLE 1966 123 66 57 .537 Resigned – – –
CLE total 537 278 259 .518 0 0 –
Total[56] 1453 748 705 .515 0 0 –

Later life

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Tebbetts moved to Anna Maria, Florida in the early 1960s.[5] He was appointed to the Veterans Committee of the Baseball Hall of Fame in February 1979.[57] He received the Judge Emil Fuchs Award in 1986 for his long and meritorious service in baseball.[58]

Perhaps most revealing of Tebbetts's character is his recollection of an umpire who suffered dizzy spells following his return from the war. Afraid of losing his job, the umpire asked Tebbetts, then the Tigers catcher, to help calling balls and strikes, and Tebbetts tipped him off with hand signals following each pitch.[59]

Birdie Tebbetts died on March 24, 1999, in Bradenton, Florida, at the age of 86.[5] On May 28, 2009, Birdie was announced as a Local Legend of Nashua, New Hampshire, and commemorated with a plaque to be placed in Holman Stadium.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Birdie Tebbetts at Baseball Reference". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Birdie Tebbetts at the SABR Baseball Biography Project , by Tom Simon, Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d McNeil, William (2006). Backstop: a history of the catcher and a sabermetric ranking of 50 all-time greats. McFarland. ISBN 9780786421770. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  4. ^ Richman, Milton (February 1949). Behind Plate or At It – Catchers Lag. Retrieved October 15, 2011. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  5. ^ a b c Litsky, Frank (March 26, 1999). "Birdie Tebbetts, Plain Speaker With 53-Year Baseball Career". The New York Times. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  6. ^ a b "Tebbetts: Nashua's big leaguer". The Telegraph. April 10, 1994. p. 6. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
  7. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts minor league statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  8. ^ "1939 American League Fielding Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  9. ^ "York To First Base". Lawrence Journal-World. Associated Press. January 27, 1940. p. 6. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  10. ^ "1940 World Series". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  11. ^ "1940 American League Fielding Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  12. ^ "Detroit Catcher Sued For Attack On Cleveland Fan". The Evening Independent. Associated Press. September 30, 1940. p. 12. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  13. ^ "Dismissed". The Telegraph-Herald. Associated Press. January 26, 1941. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  14. ^ Tebbetts, Birdie (October 1949). I'd Rather Catch. Retrieved July 6, 2011. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  15. ^ "1941 Birdie Tebbetts batting log". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  16. ^ "1941 All-Star Game". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  17. ^ "1941 American League Fielding Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  18. ^ "1942 All-Star Game". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  19. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts Fails To Secure Commission". The Montreal Gazette. Associated Press. June 4, 1942. p. 16. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  20. ^ "Tebbetts Brings Waco First Good Baseball Team". St. Petersburg Times. Associated Press. April 6, 1943. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  21. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts Joins Army Air Corps, Texas". The Telegraph. Associated Press. August 20, 1942. p. 1. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  22. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts Is Up A Tree". The Telegraph. June 10, 1944. p. 7. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  23. ^ a b "1947 Birdie Tebbetts batting log". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  24. ^ "Bosox Swap Wagner For Birdie Tebbetts". The Lewiston Daily Sun. Associated Press. May 21, 1947. p. 8. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  25. ^ "Tebbetts Linked With Boston Job". The Deseret News. Associated Press. July 8, 1947. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  26. ^ "1948 All-Star Game". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  27. ^ "Bearden, Boudreau, Keltner Share Honors as Indians Win". The Milwaukee Journal. October 5, 1948. p. 8.[permanent dead link‍]
  28. ^ "1949 All-Star Game". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  29. ^ "1949 Boston Red Sox Schedule, Box Scores and Splits". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  30. ^ "1949 American League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  31. ^ "1950 Boston Red Sox Schedule, Box Scores and Splits". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  32. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts Puts The Blast On Two Sox Hurlers". Lewiston Evening Journal. Associated Press. October 2, 1950. p. 8. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  33. ^ "For Bosox Job, Haney May Pilot Bucs". Toledo Blade. Blade News Services. December 2, 1952. p. 26. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  34. ^ "Williams – Bosox Best". The Evening Independent. Associated Press. June 9, 1969. p. 12. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  35. ^ "Tebbetts Appointed Indianapolis Pilot". Reading Eagle. United Press International. December 2, 1952. p. 22. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  36. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts Signs Two-Year Pact With Reds". St. Petersburg Times. Associated Press. September 30, 1953. p. 10. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  37. ^ "1956 Cincinnati Redlegs Schedule, Box Scores and Splits". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  38. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts Manager Of Year". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. October 24, 1956. p. 16. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  39. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts Given New Pact". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. Associated Press. December 14, 1956. p. 13. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  40. ^ a b "1957 Cincinnati Redlegs Schedule, Box Scores and Splits". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  41. ^ "Time Archive". Time. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
  42. ^ "Robinson Says Credit Of Honor Belongs To Tebbetts". The Dispatch. Associated Press. November 2, 1957. p. 16. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  43. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts Quits As Cincinnati Manager". Schenectady Gazette. Associated Press. August 15, 1958. p. 26. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  44. ^ "Braves Give Birdie Tebbetts Position In The Front Office". The News and Courier. Associated Press. October 13, 1958. p. 8. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  45. ^ "1961 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  46. ^ "1962 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  47. ^ "Tebbetts New Pilot Of Indians". The Pittsburgh Press. United Press International. October 6, 1962. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  48. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts Hospitalized After Heart Attack; May Be Out Eight Months". Youngstown Vindicator. Vindicator State Wire. April 2, 1964. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  49. ^ "1966 Cleveland Indians Schedule, Box Scores and Splits". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  50. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts Ducks Out Of Wigwam". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. August 20, 1966. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  51. ^ John, Tommy; Valenti, Dan (1991). TJ: My Twenty-Six Years in Baseball. New York: Bantam. p. 276. ISBN 0-553-07184-X.
  52. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts managing record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  53. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts minor league managing record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  54. ^ "Rockies and Marlins Work Hard Now to Play in 1993". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. June 15, 1992. p. 5. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
  55. ^ Kernan, Kevin (November 4, 2009). "Give Chase his props – but Reggie's still tops". New York Post. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  56. ^ "Birdie Tebbetts Managerial Record". Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
  57. ^ "Baseball HOF Board Adopts 2 Changes". The Victoria Advocate. Associated Press. February 12, 1979. p. 2. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
  58. ^ "Names In Sports". Star-News. December 21, 1986. p. 2. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
  59. ^ Turpin, Michael A. "A Veteran's Day for Red Ormsby". Michael A Turpin's Blog. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
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