APEC Philippines 1996 was a series of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meetings focused on economic cooperation, held at the Subic Bay Freeport Zone in Subic, Zambales on 24–25 November 1996. It was the eighth APEC meeting in history and the first held in the Philippines.
| APEC Philippines 1996 | |
|---|---|
| Host country | Philippines |
| Date | 24—25 November |
| Venue(s) | Main venue
Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Subic, Zambales Other meetings
|
| Follows | 1995 |
| Precedes | 1997 |
| Key points | |
"The Path to a Brighter and More Attainable Future” | |
Preparations
editDuring the November 1994 APEC Summit in Indonesia, the Philippines was chosen to host the fourth APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting for 1996.[1] As early as 5 December 1994, President Fidel V. Ramos signed Administrative Order No. 160 that created a national commission in preparation for the APEC meetings.[2] The National Organizing Commission (APEC-NOC) was chaired by the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, with the Secretary of Trade and Industry and the Executive Secretary as co-chairs.[1]
Venues
editFour Philippine cities were designated as venues for the year-long series of meetings: Subic, Manila, Cebu and Davao.[1] Subic hosted the Economic Leaders' Meeting just four years after it reopened as a free port zone following the closure of the US naval and air force base there due to the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption.
To accommodate the delegations of the 18 economic leaders who attended the summit, the government had to build new road, transportation, convention and housing infrastructure. These include Subic Bay International Airport, Subic-Tipo Road and a series of 18 villas along Triboa Bay where each economic leader and its entourage was billeted. The villas alone were reported to have cost around US$1–2 million each and were built on land that used to be an ammunition and explosives dump for the former US bases. It took eight months and 4,000 workers to complete the villas.[3][4]
In Manila, the Philippine International Convention Center in Pasay was chosen as venue for the APEC Ministerial Meetings.[5] To shuttle ministers from 18 APEC member economies from their hotel to the convention center, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) created "Friendship Lanes", two lanes each in four major Metro Manila roads such as Roxas Boulevard for the exclusive use of the delegates' vehicles.[6]
Security
editAs part of the preparation for the summit, the Philippines strengthened its security force. At least 26,000 police and soldiers were deployed to ensure the security of the delegates and guests.[1] President Ramos assured APEC participants of their security in his speech during the inauguration of Subic Bay International Airport.[1] On 22 November 1996, two days before the Economic Leaders' Summit, the US State Department, through its spokesperson Nicholas Burns, warned American citizens in the Philippines to take security precautions following threats against American diplomats attending the summit.[7]
APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting
editAttendees
editThis was the first APEC meeting for Australian Prime Minister John Howard and Japanese Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto, and was the last APEC meeting for Papua New Guinean Prime Minister Julius Chan and Thai Prime Minister Banharn Silpa-archa.
| Attendees at the 1996 APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Position | Name | |
| Prime Minister | John Howard[8] | ||
| Sultan | Hassanal Bolkiah[9] | ||
| Prime Minister | Jean Chrétien[8] | ||
| President | Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle[8] | ||
| President | Jiang Zemin[10] | ||
| Finance Secretary | Donald Tsang[8] | ||
| President | Suharto [11] | ||
| Prime Minister | Ryutaro Hashimoto[10] | ||
| President | Kim Young Sam[10] | ||
| Prime Minister | Mahathir Mohamad[8] | ||
| President | Ernesto Zedillo[8] | ||
| Prime Minister | Jim Bolger[8] | ||
| Prime Minister | Julius Chan[8] | ||
| President | Fidel Ramos[8] | ||
| Prime Minister | Goh Chok Tong[8] | ||
| Special Representative | Koo Chen-fu[8] | ||
| Prime Minister | Banharn Silpa-archa[8] | ||
| President | Bill Clinton[10] | ||
Results
editIndividual action plans by member economies were compiled into the Manila Action Plan which had a goal of achieving the Bogor liberation target. The Information Technology Agreement was endorsed by the APEC leaders which was later adopted at the World Trade Organization ministerial meeting in Singapore weeks after the leaders' meeting.[12]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "The APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting: Then and now". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ "Creating the National Organizing Commission for the 1996 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings, prescribing its authority and functions". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Administrative Order No. 160, s. 1994. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ Francisco, Katerina (12 November 2015). "Lookback: When a former US base hosted the 1996 APEC summit". Rappler. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ Choudry, Aziz. "APEC's Thriller in Manila". Solidarity Philippine Australia Network (SPAN). Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ Del Rosario, Marc (23 November 1996). "APEC meetings not without a touch of art and culture". Manila Standard. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ Sison, Desiree; et al. (23 November 1996). "Ople: Scrap 'Friendship Lanes'". Manila Standard. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ Hurst, Steve (22 November 1996). "Security alert for U.S. citizens in Philippines". CNN Interactive. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "1996 Economy Representatives". APEC.
- ^ Gavilan, Dodesz (14 November 2015). "APEC Look back: Where were 2015 APEC world leaders in 1996?". Rappler. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Clinton arrives in Philippines for trade summit". CNN. 23 November 1996. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- ^ "Senators write Clinton on APEC 1996".
- ^ "Ten Years of APEC : An organizations milestones from 1989 to 1999". Asiaweek.com. 3 September 1999. Retrieved 5 November 2016.