The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXII Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event held in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February. A total of 2,873 athletes from 88 nations participated in 98 events in 7 sports across 15 different disciplines.[1][2]
| 2014 Winter Olympics medals | |
|---|---|
| Location | Sochi,  Russia |
| Highlights | |
| Most gold medals |  Norway (11) |
| Most total medals | Russia (29) |
| Medalling NOCs | 26 |
Legend:
Gold represents countries that won at least one gold medal
Silver represents countries that won at least one silver medal
Bronze represents countries that won at least one bronze medal
Red represents countries that did not win any medals
Grey represents countries that did not participate
Initially, host nation Russia matched the Soviet Union's 1976 tally of thirteen gold medals,[α][β] but 4 gold, 8 silver and 1 bronze medals were later stripped due to doping. However, the Court of Arbitration for Sport reinstated 2 gold, 7 silver and 1 bronze medals, returning Russia to the first place in the medals standings. In 2024, one more gold medal was rescinded by the International Biathlon Union, putting Norway first in the gold medal count, with 11 gold medals. Russia still has the most medals overall, with 29.
The Netherlands achieved four podium sweeps in the speed skating, dominating the men's 500 metres, men's 5,000 metres, men's 10,000 metres, and women's 1,500 metres, surpassing the previous record of two podium sweeps.[7] Slovenia won its first Winter Olympics gold medal ever, in alpine skiing. This was also the first Winter Olympic gold medal tie.[8] Latvia won its first Olympic gold medal due to medals reallocation after the IOC retested doping samples in November 2017.[9] Luger Armin Zöggeler of Italy became the first athlete to achieve six Winter Olympic medals over six consecutive games,[10] all achieved at the men's singles event.[11] Speed skater Ireen Wüst from the Netherlands achieved five medals (two gold and three silver), more than any other athlete. South Korean-born Russian short track speed skater Viktor Ahn, Norwegian cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen, and Belarusian biathlete Darya Domracheva tied for the most gold medals, with three each.[12]
Medal table
editThe medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won, where nation is an entity represented by a National Olympic Committee (NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals.
In the women's downhill event in alpine skiing two gold medals were awarded for a first place tie, no silver medal was awarded for the event.[15] In the men's super-G alpine skiing, two bronze medals were awarded for a third place tie.[16]
- Key
‡ Post-competition changes in medal standings (totals after changes)
* Host nation (Russia)
| Rank | NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 26 | |
| 2 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 29 | |
| 3 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 25 | |
| 4 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 28 | |
| 5 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 24 | |
| 6 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 19 | |
| 7 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 11 | |
| 8 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 6 | |
| 9 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 17 | |
| 10 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 15 | |
| 11 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | |
| 12 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 9 | |
| 13 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 | |
| 14 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 15 | |
| 15 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 | |
| 16 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | |
| 17 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 | |
| 18 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | |
| 19 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | |
| 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | ||
| 21 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 23 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 | |
| 24 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| 25 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Totals (26 entries) | 98 | 97 | 99 | 294 | |
Changes in medal standings
editRussian team doping case
editOn 18 July 2016, the McLaren Report was published alleging that the Russian government had sanctioned the use of performance-enhancing drugs by Russian athletes in the 2014 Winter Olympics.[17]
On 9 December 2016, a World Anti-Doping Agency report expanded upon the previous report and included the note that "Two [Russian] [sport] athletes, winners of 4 Sochi Olympic Gold medals, and a female Silver medal winner in [sport] had samples with salt readings that were physiologically impossible" and that "Twelve [Russian] medal winning athletes ... from 44 examined samples had scratches and marks on the inside of the caps of their B sample bottles, indicating tampering".[18]
In December 2016, following the release of the McLaren Report on Russian doping at the Sochi Olympics, the International Olympic Committee announced the initiation of an investigation of 28 Russian athletes at the Sochi Olympic Games. The number later rose to 46.
From 1 November 2017 to 22 December 2017, the IOC handled 46 cases related to Russian team doping. 3 cases have been closed without sanction and without official disclosing the names of suspected athletes. 43 Russian athletes were disqualified from the 2014 Winter Olympics and banned from competing in the 2018 edition and all other future Olympic Games as part of the Oswald Commission.[19]
All but one of these athletes appealed against their bans to the Court of Arbitration for Sport. On 1 February 2018, the court overturned the sanctions on 28 athletes meaning that their Sochi medals and results (except four-man bobsleigh) are reinstated, but decided that there was sufficient evidence against 11 athletes to uphold their Sochi sanctions.[20] On 24 September 2020, the court overturned the sanctions on a further two athletes, meaning that one Sochi medal and result in women's biathlon sprint are reinstated, but decided that there was sufficient evidence against one other athlete to uphold Sochi sanctions in women's biathlon relay.[21] The court also decided that none of the 42 athletes should be banned from all future Olympic Games, but only the 2018 Games.
Separately, on 15 February 2020, the International Biathlon Union announced that because of a doping violation, Evgeny Ustyugov and Russian men's 4 x 7.5km relay team had been disqualified from the 2014 Olympics.[22] The IOC results affirm the decision, but medals have not been reallocated yet.[23]
| No. | Athlete | Sport | IOC decisions[19] | CAS decision, 1 February 2018,[20] 24 September 2020[21] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 November 2017[24] | ||||
| 1 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 2 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 9 November 2017[25] | ||||
| 3 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed | ||
| 4 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 5 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 6 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 7 | Case closed[26] | - | ||
| 22 November 2017[27] | ||||
| 8 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 9 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 10 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 11 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 24 November 2017[28] | ||||
| 12 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 13 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed | ||
| 14 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 15 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 27 November 2017[29] | ||||
| 16 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 17 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 18 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 19 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled (Sept 2020) | ||
| 20 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled (Sept 2020) | ||
| 29 November 2017[30] | ||||
| 21 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed | ||
| 22 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed | ||
| 23 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed | ||
| 1 December 2017[31] | ||||
| 24 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed | ||
| 25 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed | ||
| 26 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed (Sept 2020) | ||
| 12 December 2017[32] | ||||
| 27 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed | ||
| 28 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 29 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 30 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed | ||
| 31 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 32 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed | ||
| 33 | Case closed[33] | - | ||
| 18 December 2017[34] | ||||
| 34 | Disqualified | Sanctions partially confirmed | ||
| 35 | Case closed[35] | - | ||
| 22 December 2017[36] | ||||
| 36 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 37 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 38 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 39 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 40 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 41 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 42 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 43 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 44 | Disqualified | Did not appeal to CAS | ||
| 45 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
| 46 | Disqualified | Sanctions annulled | ||
On 1 February 2018, the IOC said in a statement that “the result of the CAS decision does not mean that athletes from the group of 28 will be invited to the 2018 Games. Not being sanctioned does not automatically confer the privilege of an invitation” and that “this [case] may have a serious impact on the future fight against doping”. The IOC found it important to note that CAS Secretary General "insisted that the CAS decision does not mean that these 28 athletes are innocent” and that they would consider an appeal against the courts decision.[37] On 9 February 2018, the CAS dismissed 47 appeals from Russian athletes and coaches to the IOC's decision not invite these athletes and coaches to the 2018 Olympics.[38] On 19 January 2019, the IOC's appeal of Legkov's case was rejected and the organization decided not to proceed with 27 remaining cases because the chance of winning would be very low. The IOC voiced its disappointment with the decision.[39]
List of official changes
edit| Ruling date | Sport / event | Athlete (NOC) | Total | Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| List of official changes in medal standings (after the Games) | ||||||||
| 1 November 2017 9 November 2017 22 December 2017 |
Cross-country skiing Men's 50 kilometre freestyle Men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay Men's team sprint |
(−1) | (−3) | (−4) | On 1 November 2017, the IOC disqualified cross country skier Alexander Legkov and he was stripped of his gold medal in 50 km mass start and silver medal in relay.[24] On 9 November 2017, the IOC disqualified cross country skier Maxim Vylegzhanin and he was stripped of his two silver medals in 50 km mass start and team sprint (alongside with the stripped silver medal in the relay with Legkov).[25] Alexander Bessmertnykh who won silver medal in relay and Nikita Kryukov who won silver medal in team sprint were disqualified on 22 December 2017.[36] | |||
| 22 November 2017 | Skeleton Men's event Women's event |
(−1) | (−1) | (−2) | On 22 November 2017, the IOC disqualified men's gold medallist Alexander Tretyakov and women's bronze medallist Elena Nikitina.[27] | |||
| 24 November 2017 27 November 2017 28 December 2017 |
Bobsleigh Two-man Four-man |
–2 | −2 | On 24 November 2017, the IOC disqualified bobsledder Alexandr Zubkov and he was stripped of his two gold medals.[28] His teammates in four-man bobsled Alexey Negodaylo and Dmitry Trunenkov were disqualified three days later.[29] On 18 December 2017, Zubkov's teammate in two-man bobsled and four-man bobsled, Alexey Voyevoda was also disqualified.[34] Medals were redistributed.[40][41] | ||||
| +1 | –1 | +1 | +1 | |||||
| +1 | –1 | 0 | ||||||
| +2 | –2 | 0 | ||||||
| +1 | +1 | |||||||
| 24 November 2017 | Speed skating Women's 500 metres |
(–1) | (−1) | On 24 November 2017, the IOC disqualified speedskater Olga Fatkulina and she was stripped of her silver medal.[28] | ||||
| 27 November 2017 1 December 2017 |
Biathlon Women's sprint Women's relay |
(–1) –1 |
(–1) –1 |
On 27 November 2017, the IOC disqualified biathletes Olga Vilukhina and Yana Romanova, and they were stripped of their relay silver. Vilukhina was also stripped of her silver medal in women's sprint.[29] On 1 December 2017, relay team member Olga Zaitseva was also disqualified.[31] Teammate Ekaterina Shumilova was not disqualified but lost her relay medal as a result. The women's relay medals were reallocated on 19 May 2022.[42] | ||||
| 22 December 2017 | Luge Men's singles Team relay |
(–2) | (−2) | On 22 December 2017, the IOC disqualified lugers Albert Demchenko and Tatiana Ivanova who won a combined two silver medals.[36] | ||||
| 1 February 2018 24 September 2020 |
Cross-country skiing Men's 50 kilometre freestyle Men's team sprint Men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay |
(+2) | (+7) | (+1) | (+10) | On 1 February 2018, the Court of Arbitration for Sport reinstated the results for medalists Alexander Legkov, Maxim Vylegzhanin, Alexander Bessmertnykh and Nikita Kryukov in cross-country skiing, Aleksander Tretyakov and Elena Nikitina in skeleton, Olga Fatkulina in speed skating, Albert Demchenko and Tatiana Ivanova in luge.[20] Also the CAS removed the sanctions from Alexey Negodaylo and Dmitry Trunenkov in bobsleigh, but upheld them on their teammates Alexandr Zubkov and Alexey Voyevoda. As a result, none received bobsleigh medals. On 24 September 2020, the Court of Arbitration for Sport removed the sanctions from biathletes Olga Vilukhina, Yana Romanova, but upheld them on their teammate Olga Zaitseva. As a result, none received biathlon relay medals.[21] | ||
| Skeleton Men's event Women's event |
||||||||
| Speed skating Women's 500 metres |
||||||||
| Luge Men's singles Team relay |
||||||||
| Bobsleigh Four-men |
||||||||
| Biathlon Women's sprint Women's relay |
||||||||
| 24 September 2020 19 May 2022 |
Biathlon Women's relay |
+1 | −1 | 0 | The medals were reallocated on 19 May 2022.[42] | |||
| +1 | +1 | |||||||
| 15 February 2020 | Biathlon Men's relay |
−1 | −1 | IBU decision.[22] The medals have not been reallocated by the IOC yet.[23] | ||||
List of possible changes in medal standings
edit| Ruling date | Sport / event | Athlete (NOC) | Total | Comment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TBD | Biathlon Men's relay |
+1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | see above (15 February 2020) | |
| +1 | −1 | 0 | |||||
| +1 | +1 |
List of official changes by country
edit| NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| −3 | −1 | −4 | ||
| +1 | +1 | |||
| +1 | –1 | +1 | +1 | |
| +1 | –1 | 0 | ||
| +2 | −2 | 0 | ||
| +1 | −1 | 0 | ||
| 0 | +1 | +1 |
Notes
editSee also
editReferences
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- ^ "2014 Sochi Winter Olympics: Schedules, Medals, Results". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
- ^ Bühler, Konrad G. (2001). State Succession and Membership in International Organisations. Legal Aspects of International Organisation Series. Vol. 38. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 161–4. ISBN 9789041115539.
- ^ "1932 Lake Placid Winter Games". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ^ "1952 Oslo Winter Games". Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ^ "Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics–Medals". ESPN. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ^ "Bergsma breaks Olympic record to lead fourth Dutch medal sweep". Xinhuanet. 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ^ Herman, Martyn (12 February 2014). "Maze amazes as she wins Slovenia's first gold". Reuters. Rosa Khutor, Russia. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- ^ Browne, Ken (19 February 2020). "Gold at last for Latvia's Sochi 2014 four-man bobsleigh champions". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Macur, Juliet (8 February 2014). "The Winning Formula of Luge's 'Old Man'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ "Armin Zöggeler". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
- ^ "2014 Sochi Winter Games". Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ^ "Women's downhill results". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
- ^ "Sochi 2014: Sven Kramer defends 5,000 m speed skating title". BBC Sport. 8 February 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ^ Pennington, Bill (12 February 2014). "In Women's Downhill, a Nice Round Historic Tie". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 February 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- ^ "Alpine skiing — Men's super-G". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ^ "Russia May Face Olympics Ban as Doping Scheme Is Confirmed". New York Times. 18 July 2016. Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
- ^ "McClaren report part II" (PDF). 9 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
- ^ a b "List of IOC Disciplinary decisions published to date (22 December 2017)" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 22 December 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ a b c "The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) delivered its decisions in the matter of 39 Russian Athletes v/ the IOC: 28 appeals upheld, 11 partially upheld" (PDF). Court of Arbitration for Sport. 1 February 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ a b c "Decisions Rendered by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in the Appeal Arbitrations between Russian Athletes Olgo Vilukhina, Yana Romanova and Olga Zaytseva, and the International Olympic Committee (IOC)" (PDF). Court of Arbitration for Sport. 24 September 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ a b "IBU anti-doping hearing panel renders verdicts on Sleptsova and Ustyugov". Biathlon World. International Biathlon Union. 15 February 2020. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
- ^ a b Sochi 2014 Biathlon 4x7.5km relay men Results
- ^ a b "IOC sanctions two Russian athletes as part of Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 1 November 2017. Archived from the original on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
- ^ a b "IOC sanctions four Russian athletes and closes one case as part of Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 9 November 2017. Archived from the original on 19 November 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
- ^ "Exclusive: Olympic figure skating champion cleared of doping charge by IOC but four Russian skiers disqualified". 9 November 2017. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ a b "IOC sanctions four Russian athletes as part of Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 22 November 2017. Archived from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ a b c "IOC sanctions four Russian athletes as part of Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017. Archived from the original on 26 November 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
- ^ a b c "IOC sanctions five Russian athletes and publishes first full decision as part of the Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 27 November 2017. Archived from the original on 27 November 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
- ^ "IOC sanctions three Russian athletes as part of Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 29 November 2017. Archived from the original on 29 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
- ^ a b "IOC sanctions three Russian athletes as part of the Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 1 December 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
- ^ "IOC sanctions six Russian athletes and closes one case as part of Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 12 December 2017. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
- ^ "Shokhina cleared of doping charge by IOC but six Russian ice hockey players sanctioned". www.insidethegames.biz. 12 December 2017. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
- ^ a b "IOC sanctions one Russian athlete, and closes one case as part of Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 18 December 2017. Archived from the original on 26 November 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ^ "Exclusive: Yuskov cleared of doping by IOC as Voevoda disqualified". www.insidethegames.biz. 18 December 2017. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
- ^ a b c "IOC sanctions 11 Russian athletes as part of Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 22 December 2017. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ "IOC Statement on CAS decision". International Olympic Committee. 1 February 2018. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ "Admission to the Olympic Winter Games 2018: the Applications Filed by Russian Athletes and Coaches Have Been Dismissed" (PDF). Court of Arbitration for Sport. 9 February 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ^ "IOC disappointed at decision of Swiss Federal Tribunal". International Olympic Committee. 19 January 2019. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ "Olympic Winter Games 2014 2-man Bobsleig". Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ "Olympic Winter Games 2014 4-man Bobsleigh". Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ a b "Events from Sochi 2014 and Tokyo 2020 to have medals and diplomas reallocated". International Olympic Committee. 19 May 2022. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
External links
edit- "Sochi 2014". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee.
- "2014 Winter Olympics". Olympedia.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "Olympic Analytics/2014_2". olympanalyt.com. Archived from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2020.