Twin Towns
editTwin Towns that have been completed and table of Twin Towns by country and by region.
Connacht
editCounty Galway
editGalway City
editAalborg, North Jutland Region, Denmark (1997)[1]
Auckland, Auckland Region, New Zealand (2002)[1]
Bradford, England, United Kingdom (1986)[1]
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (1994)[1][2]
Chicago, Illinois, United States (1997)[1][2]
Lorient, Brittany, France (1975)[1]
Menlo Park, California, United States (2015)[1]
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States (2001)[1][2]
Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada (2002)[1]
Qingdao, Shandong Province, China (1999)[1]
Seattle, Washington, United States (1986)[1][2]
Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom (2012)[1]
St. Louis, Missouri, United States (1977)[1][2]
Galway County
editRenews-Cappahayden, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (2013)[4]
Chalonnes-sur-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France (1991)[5]
Boys Town, Nebraska, United States (2002)[2][6]
Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico (2012)[7]
County Leitrim
edit
County Roscommon
editChartrettes, Île-de-France, France (1998)[15]
County Sligo
editKempten, Bavaria, Germany (1990)[11][18]
Tallahassee, Florida, United States (1995)[2][19]
Leinster
editCounty Carlow
editDavenport, Iowa, United States (2006)[20][21]
Dole, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France[20]
Tempe, Arizona, United States (1998)[2][20][22]
County Dublin
editDublin City
editBarcelona, Catalonia, Spain (1998)[25]
Nablus, Nablus Governorate, Palestine[26][27]
Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown
editAnglesey, Wales, United Kingdom (1987)[28][29]
Izumo, Shimane Prefecture, Japan (2008)[28]
Fingal
editBelmar, New Jersey, United States (2008)[31]
Sankt Wendel, Saarland, Germany (2008)[32]
South Dublin
edit
County Meath
editCary, North Carolina, United States (2001)[2][43]
Bobbio, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2003)[43]
Broccostella, Lazio, Italy (2006)[43]
County Offaly
edit
County Westmeath
edit
County Wexford
edit
Hartford, Connecticut, United States[2]
Moncoutant, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France[51]
Newcastle, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (1985)[52]
Annapolis, Maryland, United States (1993)[2][53][54]
County Wicklow
edit
Châteaudun, Centre-Val de Loire, France (1983)[56][60]
Eichenzell, Hesse, Germany (2011)[11][56][69]
Munster
editCounty Cork
editCork City
editCologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (1988)[11][72][74]
Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia[75]
Cork County
edit
Cruzeiro, São Paulo, Brazil[85]
Kolbuszowa, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland (2002)[85][86]
Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States (2008)[85][87]
Antibes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France (1990)[92]
Newport, Rhode Island, United States (1999)[92][93]
County Kerry
edit
Castiglione di Sicilia, Sicily, Italy (1986)[99]
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, United States (2007)[99]
Staffanstorp, Scania, Sweden (2008)[99]
Panissières, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France (1992)[106]
Shawnee, Kansas, United States (1985)[107]
Westlake, Ohio, United States (2009)[111]
County Limerick
editHohenlohe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany (1990)[11][112]
Buckow, Brandenburg, Germany (2015)[114]
A Coruña, Galicia, Spain[112]
Limerick Township, Pennsylvania, United States[113]
Starogard Gdański, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland[112]
County Waterford
editLe Pré-d'Auge/Les Monceaux, Normandy, France (1996)[116]
Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (2000)[118]
Rochester, New York, United States (1983)[2][119]
Ulster
editCounty Cavan
edit
County Donegal
editAgros, Limassol District, Cyprus (2011)[128]
Altea, Valencian Community, Spain (1991)[128]
Asikkala, Päijät-Häme, Finland (2016)[128]
Bellagio, Lombardy, Italy (1991)[128]
Chojna, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland (2004)[128]
Holstebro, Central Denmark Region, Denmark (1991)[128]
Houffalize, Wallonia, Belgium (1991)[128]
Judenburg, Styria, Austria (1999)[128]
Kőszeg, Vas County, Hungary (2004)[128]
Marsaskala, Marsaskala, Malta (2009)[128]
Meerssen, Limburg, Netherlands (1991)[128]
Niederanven, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (1991)[128]
Oxelösund, Södermanland County, Sweden (1998)[128]
Preveza, Epirus, Greece (1991)[128]
Rokiškis, Panevėžys County, Lithuania (2018)[128]
Rovinj, Istria County, Croatia (2016)[128]
Sesimbra, Setúbal District, Portugal (1991)[128]
Sigulda, Sigulda Municipality, Latvia (2004)[128]
Siret, Suceava County, Romania (2010)[128]
Škofja Loka, Upper Carniola, Slovenia (2011)[128]
Sušice, Plzeň Region, Czech Republic (2004)[128]
Tryavna, Gabrovo Province, Bulgaria (2011)[128]
Türi, Järva County, Estonia (2004)[128]
Zvolen, Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia (2007)[128]
Rudolstadt, Thuringia, Germany (2018)[130]
County Monaghan
editCavan Monaghan, Ontario, Canada[131]
Geel, Flanders, Belgium (1992)[131][132]
Prince Edward Island, Canada (1994)[131][132]
Marseillan, Occitanie, France (2013)[132][135]
Notes
edit- a.^ The Automne Villages are Béthancourt-en-Valois, Feigneux, Fresnoy-la-Rivière, Gilocourt, Glaignes, Morienval, Orrouy, Russy-Bémont and Sery-Magneval.[44]
References
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- ^ "Town Twinning". Athenry Parish Heritage Archive. 2004. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- ^ "Athenry twinned with Newfoundland town". Galway Advertiser. 5 September 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
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- ^ "About the Twinning". Tuam-Straubing Twinning. 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
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- ^ "20th anniversary of the town twinning between Locquirec and Drumshanbo". Leitrim Observer. 1 November 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- ^ "Roscommon - Chartrettes - 21st Anniversary twinning". Orla Leyden. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- ^ "Sligo Twinned With Crozon". RTÉ. 9 July 1985. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- ^ "International Partners". Snohomish County, Washington. 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
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- ^ a b c d "Carlow County, Ireland" (PDF). Carlow County Council. 8 September 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Carlow County, Ireland". Davenport Sister Cities. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Tempe Sister Cities". Our Sister Cities. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Hackettstown, N.J., declares 'sister city' relationship with Hacketstown, Ireland". Leigh Valley Live. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "PONT PEAN, May 2000". Bagenalstown, Ireland - Pont Pean, France. 2000. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d "Managing our International relationships". Dublin City Council. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Nablus City". Welcome to Palestine. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Twinning with Palestine". Twinning with Palestine. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d "A Framework for International Relations and Twinning in DLR" (PDF). Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Dublin Town Twins With Welsh Island". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 30 November 1987. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Jumelages". Vincennes. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
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- ^ "School Exchange Visit by Students of Balbriggan Community College to St.Wendel, Germany". Balbriggan Info. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Balrothery students in French foreign exchange". Fingal Independent. 6 June 2002. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Loughshinny Twinning Association". Loughshinny Online. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "French 'twins' to make trip to town". Fingal Independent. 13 April 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Gourin. Le comité de jumelage renoue avec Rush, en Irlande". Ouest France. 30 September 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Rush marks anniversary of San Mauro twinning". Fingal Independent. 18 July 2006. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Skerries welcoming its Breton friends on visit this week". Fingal Independent. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Swords Historical Society 2018". Swords Heritage. 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Twinning with South Dublin County Council" (PDF). London Borough of Brent. 6 April 2005. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "The Mayor of South Dublin County signs Sister Cities Agreement of Partnership with the City of Tampa, Florida". South Dublin County Council. 3 September 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "A tale of twinned towns". News Four. 9 February 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Twinning". Meath County Council. 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ^ a b "Athboy Twinning Committee". Athboy Twinning Committee. 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ^ "About CTSC". Chandler-Tullamore Sister Cities. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Historique du Jumelage". Châteaubriant-Athlone. 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "LLEGAN FUNCIONARIOS DE IRLANDA A YANGA". El Informante de Veracruz. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ a b "Enniscorthy Twinning" (PDF). Wexford County Council. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 4 October 2008 suggested (help) - ^ "Sister Cities". Yelm, Washington. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Hello Gorey, this is Oban calling". Gorey Guardian. 22 September 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Town twinning". New Ross Standard. 14 July 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Alliance Calls For Continued New Ross-Newcastle Link". Down News. 13 February 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ a b c "Lawlor laughs off Wikipedia report that Wexford twinned with Ethiopian capital". Wexford People. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "R-34-93" (PDF). Sister Cities. 12 July 1993. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Coueron call to Wexford businesses". Wexford People. 5 February 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Town Twinning". Wicklow County Council. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Junkets: Spouses and children travelled too 'because of length of trips'". Wicklow People. 4 May 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Two-decade friendship between Wicklow and Würzburg renewed". Bray People. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Town Twinning". Aberystwyth Council. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Arklow to celebrate 35 years of twinning with Chateaudun". Wicklow People. 11 May 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Avoca". Wicklow People. 5 May 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Twinned with Bègles". bray.ie. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Twinned with Dublin, California". bray.ie. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Dublin: Why this city's namesake isn't its sister". eastbaytimes.com. 1 April 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Twinned with Würzburg". bray.ie. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Town Twinning". Wicklow County Council. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Partnerství Otročiněves a Glendalough/Laragh". Embassy of the Czech Republic, Dublin. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Spézet Band Visit". Roundwood. 13 August 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Musical extravaganza planned to mark twinning with Eichenzell". Wicklow People. 27 January 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Wicklow". Montigny-le-Bretonneux. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Twinning is official after the signing of charter". Wicklow People. 6 September 2006. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "'Twinning must be better used to promote region'". Irish Examiner. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ a b "A special welcome to our visitors from Saclay in France and Machterstadt in Germany". Ballincollig. 15 April 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "Twinning". Cork City Council. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Partner cities". Kaliningrad. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Ballydehob's Breton Adventure Still Galvanizing a Community". Toot La France. 6 October 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d "Food and Song Shared in Brittany". RTÉ. 1986. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Bandon to Bandon". Southern Oregon Magazine. 26 August 2005. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Mission & History". La Crosse Bantry Friendship Association. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Jumelage Pont-l'Abbé-Bantry:un redémarrage prometteur". Le Télégramme. 24 October 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ a b "Carrigaline Twinning Association". Carrigaline. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Twin Breton towns pay flying visit to Charleville". The Corkman. 27 May 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Châteaulin-Clonakilty. Le jumelage fantôme". Le Télégramme. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "30th anniversary of Waldaschaff and Clonakilty twinning". The Opinion. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Cobh History ~ the town with 3 names". Cobh & Harbour Chamber. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Cobh (Irlandia)". Gmina Kolbuszowa. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Lake Charles pairs up with Cobh, Ireland". Flavin Realty Inc. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Pontarddulais Twinned with Cobh, County Cork". Pontarddulais Town Council. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Échanges et partenariats internationaux". Ville de Ploërmel. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Golf an Important Driver of Dunmanway Twinning Association". Toot La France. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Fermoy to host group from French twin town". Echo Live. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ a b c "Town Twinning with Kinsale". Kinsale. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Delegation from Newport visits Kinsale to mark twinning". The Southern Star. 26 October 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ a b "Twinning". Macroom. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "What began on the internet is now a twinning reality". The Corkman. 30 August 2002. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Mallow celebrates 20th anniversary with Breton twin". The Corkman. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "About". Millstreet. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Celebrating 10 years of Twinning" (PDF). Marcia Dalton. 25 October 2007. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Town Twinning". The Kerryman. 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "Gemellaggi". Comune di Tolfa. 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "West Springfield has new twin sister in Dingle, Ireland". MassLive. 13 December 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ a b "Exciting times for Town Twinning Association". Killarney Advertiser. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "Bretons impressed on Killorglin visit". The Kerryman. 6 May 2000. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "Phil Coulter headlines twin town celebrations". Belfast Telegraph. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "Los Gatos-Listowel Writers Festival is coming up". The Mercury News. 22 September 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "Listowel Panissieres Town Twinning Committee Celebrate Bastille Day". The Advertiser. 18 July 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "Showing sisterly love". Shawnee Dispatch. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "Tralee signs twin deal with Palestinian town". The Kerryman. 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "School exchange program linking Holyoke, Tralee, Ireland benefit of sister-city relationship: Mayor Alex Morse (photos)". MassLive. 26 April 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "Ferris seeks to strengthen Tralee-Springfield ties". An Phoblacht. 20 March 2003. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Sister Cities and Twinnings Management". Limerick City and County Council. 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Limerick council to send Mayor to Boston for twinning". Limerick Leader. 26 January 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
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- ^ a b "Ardmore Twinning Association". Waterford County Museum. 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ "Report by Cllr. Fiachra Ó Céilleachair on Official Visit to Erie, PA, USA". Labour Party (Ireland). 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
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External links
editSenators
edit| Senators for the Administrative Panel | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Key to parties
| |||||||||||||||
| Sen | Election | Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) | |||||||
| 2nd | 1938 | Christopher Byrne (FF) |
Thomas Condon (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
John Newcome (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Margaret Mary Pearse (FF) |
Thomas Ruane (FF) |
Richard Mulcahy (FG) |
Michael Hayes (FG) | |||||||
| 3rd | 1938 | James McGee[a] (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Denis Healy (FF) |
Desmond FitzGerald (FG) | |||||||||||
| 4th | 1943 | Joseph Hannigan (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Michael Hearne (FF) |
Richard Walsh (FF) |
Edward Monahan (FG) | ||||||||||
| 5th | 1944 | Andrew Clarkin (FF) |
Seán Goulding (FF) |
Thomas Ruane (FF) | |||||||||||
| 6th | 1948 | John Finan (CnaT) |
Patrick Fitzsimons (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Margaret Mary Pearse (FF) |
Jeremiah Ryan (FG) | ||||||||||
| 7th | 1951 | James J. McCrea (Lab) |
Patrick Teehan[b] (FF) |
Thomas Ruane (FF) |
Michael J. O'Higgins (FG) | ||||||||||
| 8th | 1954 | Louis Walsh (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Margaret Mary Pearse (FF) |
John L. O'Sullivan (FG) |
Gerry L'Estrange (FG) | ||||||||||
| 1956 | William Woods[c] (Independent politicians in Ireland) | ||||||||||||||
| 9th | 1957 | John O'Leary[d] (Lab) |
Patrick Fitzsimons (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Patrick Connor (FG) | |||||||||||
| 1960 | Gerard B. Dillon[e] (FF) |
John J. Brennan[f] (FF) | |||||||||||||
| 10th | 1961 | Cornelius Desmond (Lab) |
Seán Brady (FF) |
Liam Ahern (FF) |
Thomas J. Fitzpatrick (FG) | ||||||||||
| 11th | 1965 | Jack McQuillan (NPD) |
Kieran Egan (FF) |
Patrick Teehan (FF) |
Éamon Rooney (FG) |
Patrick O'Reilly (FG) | |||||||||
| 12th | 1969 | Patrick Norton (FF) |
Jack Garrett[g] (FF) |
Patrick Malone[h] (FG) |
Richard Belton (FG) |
Patrick J. Reynolds (FG) | |||||||||
| 1970 | Seán Keegan[i] (FF) | ||||||||||||||
| 13th | 1973 | Bernard McGlinchey (FF) |
Seán Brosnan[j] (FF) |
Philip Burton (FG) |
Andy O'Brien (FG) |
Thomas Kilbride (FG) | |||||||||
| 1975 | Micheál Prendergast[k] (FG) | ||||||||||||||
| 14th | 1977 | Michael P. Kitt (FF) |
Micheál Cranitch (FF) |
Tras Honan (FF) |
Liam Burke[l] (FG) |
Myles Staunton (FG) | |||||||||
| 1977 | Michael Donnelly[m] (FF) | ||||||||||||||
| 1980 | Jim Doolan (FF) | ||||||||||||||
| 15th | 1981 | Flor O'Mahony (Lab) |
Jimmy Leonard (FF) |
Patrick Kennedy (FG) |
Katharine Bulbulia (FG) | ||||||||||
| 16th | 1982 | Sean Conway (FF) |
Luke Belton (FG) |
Billy Kenneally (FF) | |||||||||||
| 17th | 1983 | Michael Lynch (FF) |
Martin O'Donoghue (FF) |
Patrick Kennedy (FG) | |||||||||||
| 18th | 1987 | Michael Doherty (FF) |
Seán Haughey (FF) |
Mary Wallace (FF) |
Joe Doyle (FG) | ||||||||||
| 19th | 1989 | Joe Costello (Lab) |
Michael Finneran (FF) |
Seán Doherty (FF) |
Tom Raftery (FG) | ||||||||||
| 20th | 1993 | Jan O'Sullivan (Lab) |
Michael O'Kennedy (FF) |
Dick Roche (FF) |
Joe Doyle (FG) |
Tom Enright (FG) |
Louis Belton (FG) | ||||||||
| 21st | 1997 | Joe Costello (Lab) |
Camillus Glynn (FF) |
Tony Kett[n] (FF) |
Fintan Coogan Jnr (FG) |
Fergus O'Dowd (FG) | |||||||||
| 22nd | 2002 | Joanna Tuffy (Lab) |
Diarmuid Wilson (FF) |
Timmy Dooley (FF) |
Joe McHugh (FG) |
Frank Feighan (FG) | |||||||||
| 23rd | 2007 | Brendan Ryan (Lab) |
Mark Daly (FF) |
Paschal Donohoe (FG) |
Nicky McFadden (FG) | ||||||||||
| 2009 | James Carroll[o] (FF) | ||||||||||||||
| 24th | 2011 | John Kelly (Lab) |
Denis Landy (Lab) |
Michael D'Arcy (FG) |
Tom Sheahan (FG) |
Martin Conway (FG) | |||||||||
| 25th | 2016 | Niall Ó Donnghaile (SF) |
Kevin Humphreys (Lab) |
John Dolan (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Maura Hopkins (FG) | ||||||||||
| 26th | 2020 | Rebecca Moynihan (Lab) |
Fiona O'Loughlin (FF) |
Garret Ahearn (FG) | |||||||||||
Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns.
- Notes
- ^ Died on 19 January 1956
- ^ Elected to the 16th Dáil at a by-election on 23 June 1960
- ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 14 May 1956, replacing James McGee
- ^ Died on 21 June 1959
- ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 1 November 1960, replacing Patrick Teehan
- ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 9 February 1960, replacing John O'Leary
- ^ Died on 11 September 1977
- ^ Elected to the 19th Dáil at a by-election on 14 April 1970
- ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 16 June 1970, replacing Patrick Malone
- ^ Elected to the 20th Dáil at a by-election on 13 November 1974
- ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 23 April 1975, replacing Seán Brosnan
- ^ Elected to 21st Dáil at a by-election on 6 November 1979
- ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 7 December 1977, following the death of Jack Garrett
- ^ Died on 19 April 2009
- ^ Elected to Seanad on 26 November 2009, replacing Tony Kett
TDs
edit| Dáil | Election | Deputy (Party) |
Deputy (Party) |
Deputy (Party) |
Deputy (Party) |
Deputy (Party) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4th | 1923 | James Everett (Lab) |
Richard Wilson (FP) |
Christopher Byrne (CnaG) |
3 seats 1923–1981 | ||||||
| 5th | 1927 (Jun) | Séamus Moore (FF) |
Dermot O'Mahony (CnaG) | ||||||||
| 6th | 1927 (Sep) | ||||||||||
| 7th | 1932 | ||||||||||
| 8th | 1933 | ||||||||||
| 9th | 1937 | Dermot O'Mahony (FG) | |||||||||
| 10th | 1938 | Patrick Cogan (Ind) | |||||||||
| 11th | 1943 | Christopher Byrne (FF) |
Patrick Cogan (CnaT) | ||||||||
| 12th | 1944 | James Everett (NLP) |
Thomas Brennan (FF) | ||||||||
| 13th | 1948 | Patrick Cogan (Ind) | |||||||||
| 14th | 1951 | James Everett (Lab) | |||||||||
| 1953 by-election | Mark Deering (FG) | ||||||||||
| 15th | 1954 | Paudge Brennan (FF) | |||||||||
| 16th | 1957 | James O'Toole (FF) | |||||||||
| 17th | 1961 | Michael O'Higgins (FG) | |||||||||
| 18th | 1965 | ||||||||||
| 1968 by-election | Godfrey Timmins (FG) | ||||||||||
| 19th | 1969 | Liam Kavanagh (Lab) | |||||||||
| 20th | 1973 | Ciarán Murphy (FF) | |||||||||
| 21st | 1977 | ||||||||||
| 22nd | 1981 | Paudge Brennan (FF) |
4 seats 1981–1992 | ||||||||
| 23rd | 1982 (Feb) | Gemma Hussey (FG) | |||||||||
| 24th | 1982 (Nov) | Paudge Brennan (FF) | |||||||||
| 25th | 1987 | Dick Roche (FF) |
Joe Jacob (FF) | ||||||||
| 26th | 1989 | Godfrey Timmins (FG) | |||||||||
| 27th | 1992 | Liz McManus (DL) |
Johnny Fox (Ind) | ||||||||
| 1995 by-election | Mildred Fox (Ind) | ||||||||||
| 28th | 1997 | Dick Roche (FF) |
Billy Timmins (FG) | ||||||||
| 29th | 2002 | Liz McManus (Lab) | |||||||||
| 30th | 2007 | Andrew Doyle (FG) |
Joe Behan (FF) | ||||||||
| 31st | 2011 | Anne Ferris (Lab) |
Stephen Donnelly (Ind) |
Simon Harris (FG) | |||||||
| 32nd | 2016 | John Brady (SF) |
Stephen Donnelly (SD) |
Pat Casey (FF) | |||||||
| 33rd | 2020 | Stephen Donnelly (FF) |
Jennifer Whitmore (SD) |
Steven Matthews (GP) | |||||||
Constituency profile
editThe constituency comprises some of the most diverse geography differences in the country, stretching from large urban areas in the north east to small rural villages in the south west, divided by mountains running down the centre of the constituency. Wicklow is the county capital while Bray is by far the largest town in the constituency. The counting of votes during elections takes place in Greystones.
Left of centre parties tend to perform better in the north east areas of the constituency, such as Bray, Greystones and Newtownmountkennedy. Right of centre parties tend perform better in more rural parts of the constituency, especially in the south and west.
3 of the current 5 TD's represent left of centre parties while another current TD, Stephen Donnelly of Fianna Fáil, was previously elected in the constituency for a left of centre party. Both Donnelly of Fianna Fáil and Simon Harris of Fine Gael are also considered to be on the more progressive wings of their respective parties. All of the constituencies current TD's are based in either Bray or Greystones.
As a whole, the county and constituency of Wicklow is the most progressive and left leaning one in the country outside of Dublin. Wicklow had the highest vote for yes outside of Dublin in both the 2015 Marriage Equality Referendum and the 2018 Abortion Referendum, as well as the highest percentage vote for yes for a county outside of Dublin.
Constituency profile
editThe constituency comprises Ballyfermot, Bluebell, Crumlin, Drimnagh, Dolphin's Barn, the Liberties, Chapelizod, Walkinstown and parts of Terenure on the fringes. The largest employers in the area are the Guinness Brewery and St. James's Hospital. Dubbed the "People's republic of Dublin South-Central,[1] the constituency is one of the country's most left-wing, with all of the TDs from centre-left or left-wing parties.[2] Both Labour Party TDs elected in 2011 had previously been members of other left-wing parties: Eric Byrne was a former member of the Workers' Party of Ireland and Democratic Left, and Michael Conaghan had stood in a number of elections for Jim Kemmy's Democratic Socialist Party.
Constituency profile
editBy geographical area, Dublin South-East was the smallest constituency in the country. It had a diverse socio-economic profile and a large transient population which is reflected in the turnout: the constituency had one of the lowest turnouts in the country in 2007 and 2011.[3][4]
Notable Dublin South-East TDs include former Taoisigh John A. Costello and Garret FitzGerald, the former leader of the Progressive Democrats Michael McDowell, maverick left-wing politician Noël Browne and former Minister of Education Ruairi Quinn (who has the distinction of being its longest-serving, first elected in 1977 and continuously elected since February 1982). The former President of Ireland, Mary McAleese, unsuccessfully contested the constituency for Fianna Fáil in 1987.
The 'Rumble in Ranelagh' is a term used by Irish journalists to describe an open argument that took place between candidates Michael McDowell and John Gormley in Ranelagh, while canvassing in the 2007 general election. Gormley twice defeated McDowell to take the last seat, in 1997 and again in 2007, both times by relatively small margins. The 1997 result led to a mammoth recount, the longest in Irish political history, before McDowell conceded defeat.
Senators
edit| Senators nominated by the Taoiseach | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Key to parties
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sen | Year | Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) |
Senator (Party) | |||||||||||
| 2nd | 1938 | Robert Farnan (FF) |
T. V. Honan (FF) |
Douglas Hyde[a] (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
John Keane (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Margaret L. Kennedy (FF) |
Peadar Mac Fhionnlaoich[b] (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
William Magennis[c] (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Frank MacDermot (FF) |
Maurice Moore[d] (FF) |
David Robinson (FF) |
Matthew Stafford (FF) | |||||||||||
| 1938 | Patrick Keohane[e][f] (Independent politicians in Ireland) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | 1938 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1939 | Liam Ó Buachalla (FF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1940 | Laurence O'Neill (Independent politicians in Ireland) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1942 | Pádraic Ó Máille[g] (FF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4th | 1943 | Seán Campbell (Lab) |
Peter O'Loghlen (FF) |
Margaret Mary Pearse (FF) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th | 1944 | Thomas Foran (Lab) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1946 | Edward Pakenham (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha (Independent politicians in Ireland) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 6th | 1948 | George Bennett (FG) |
Eleanor Butler (Lab) |
James Douglas (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Denis Ireland (CnaP) |
Patrick McCartan (CnaP) |
James McCrea (Lab) |
Edward McGuire (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Séamus O'Farrell (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Edward Richards-Orpen (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Edmund Sweetman (FG) |
Patrick Woulfe (Independent politicians in Ireland) | |||||||||||
| 7th | 1951 | Robert Farnan (FF) |
T. V. Honan (FF) |
Daniel Corkery (FF) |
Seán Goulding (FF) |
Joseph Johnston (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Eamonn Kissane (FF) |
Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Seán O'Donovan (FF) |
Seán O'Grady (FF) |
Margaret Mary Pearse (FF) |
Michael Yeats (FF) | |||||||||||
| 8th | 1954 | Patrick Bergin (Lab) |
Arthur Cox (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
James Douglas[h] (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Henry Guinness (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Michael Hayes (FG) |
James Hickey (Lab) |
John Meighan (CnaT) |
Frank O'Donnell (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Patrick O'Gorman (FG) |
James Reidy (FG) |
James Tunney (Lab) | |||||||||||
| 1954 | John Douglas (Independent politicians in Ireland) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9th | 1957 | Robert Farnan (FF) |
Seán Brady (FF) |
Nora Connolly O'Brien (FF) |
John Copeland Cole (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Seán Moylan[i] (FF) |
Thomas Mullins (FF) |
Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha[j] (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Seán O'Donovan (FF) |
Seán O'Grady (FF) |
Margaret Mary Pearse[k] (FF) |
Laurence Walsh (FF) | |||||||||||
| 1958 | Louis Walsh (Independent politicians in Ireland) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10th | 1961 | John J. Brennan (FF) |
Gus Healy (FF) |
Joe Mooney (FF) |
Tom Nolan (FF) |
William Sheldon (Independent politicians in Ireland) | |||||||||||||||||
| 1964 | Kit Ahern (FF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11th | 1965 | Gerald Boland (FF) |
Joseph Lenehan (FF) |
James Ryan (FF) |
Michael Yeats (FF) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1968 | Farrell McElgunn (FF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12th | 1969 | John J. Brennan (FF) |
Micheál Cranitch (FF) |
Brendan Crinion (FF) |
Peggy Farrell (FF) |
Thomas Flanagan (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Michael Gallanagh (FF) |
Neville Keery (FF) |
Terence O'Sullivan (FF) | ||||||||||||||
| 13th | 1973 | John Blennerhassett (FG) |
Austin Deasy[l] (FG) |
Benjamin Guinness (FG) |
Brendan Halligan[m] (Lab) |
Michael D. Higgins (Lab) |
Patrick Kerrigan[l] (Lab) |
Patrick W. McGrath (FG) |
Michael Mullen (Lab) |
Michael J. O'Higgins (FG) |
Paddy O'Toole[l] (FG) |
James Sanfey (FG) | |||||||||||
| 1976 | Ruairi Quinn (Lab) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1977 | Liam Burke (FG) |
Frank King (Lab) |
Martin Finn (FG) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 14th | 1977 | Séamus Brennan[n] (FF) |
Séamus de Brún (FF) |
Eileen Cassidy (FF) |
Valerie Goulding (FF) |
Mary Harney[n] (FF) |
Valentine Jago (FF) |
Gordon Lambert (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Bernard McGlinchey (FF) |
Noel Mulcahy (FF) |
T. K. Whitaker (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Michael Yeats[o] (FF) | |||||||||||
| 1980 | Jim Ruttle (FF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1981 | P. J. Mara (FF) |
Joseph O'Neill (FF) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 15th | 1981 | Ulick Burke (FG) |
John F. Carroll (Lab) |
Timmy Conway (Lab) |
Jim Dooge (FG) |
Paddy Dunne (Lab) |
Robert Fausset (FG) |
Jim Higgins (FG) |
Miriam Kearney (FG) |
Pat Magner (Lab) |
Seán O'Leary (FG) | ||||||||||||
| 16th | 1982 | John Robb (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Seamus Mallon (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
James Larkin (IFF) |
Paudge Brennan[p] (FF) |
Flor Crowley (FF) |
Camilla Hannon (FF) |
P. J. Mara (FF) |
Bernard McGlinchey (FF) |
M. J. Nolan[p] (FF) |
Ned O'Keeffe[p] (FF) |
G. V. Wright (FF) | |||||||||||
| 1982 | Aidan Eames (FF) |
Seán O'Connor (FF) |
Frank Wall (FF) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 17th | 1983 | Brendan Howlin[q] (Lab) |
Christy Kirwan (Lab) |
Pat Magner (Lab) |
Stephen McGonagle (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Bríd Rodgers (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
John Browne (FG) |
John Connor (FG) |
Jimmy Deenihan[q] (FG) |
Patrick Durcan (FG) |
Seán O'Leary (FG) | ||||||||||||
| 1987 | Nuala Fennell (FG) |
Paddy O'Toole (FG) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 18th | 1987 | Éamon de Buitléar (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
George Eogan (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Brian Friel (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
John Magnier (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Séamus Cullimore[r] (FF) |
Tom McEllistrim[r] (FF) |
Jimmy Mulroy (FF) |
Vivian O'Callaghan (FF) |
John O'Connell[r] (FF) |
Nicholas O'Connor (FF) | ||||||||||||
| 1989 | Michael Dawson (FF) |
Paul Kavanagh (FF) |
Frank McDonnell (FF) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 19th | 1989 | Olga Bennett (FF) |
Hugh Byrne[s] (FF) |
Mick Lanigan (FF) |
Tony McKenna (FF) |
Denis O'Donovan (FF) |
Donal Ormonde (FF) |
Eoin Ryan[s] (FF) |
G. V. Wright[t] (FF) |
Martin Cullen[s] (PDs) |
Helen Keogh[s] (PDs) |
John Dardis (PDs) | |||||||||||
| 1992 | Brendan Daly (FF) |
Pat Farrell (FF) |
Terry Leyden (FF) |
Dick Roche (FF) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 20th | 1993 | Bill Cashin (Lab) |
Jim Townsend (Lab) |
Pat Magner (Lab) |
Jack Wall (Lab) |
Gordon Wilson[u] (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Sean Byrne (FF) |
Brian Crowley[v] (FF) |
Brian Hillery[w] (FF) |
Billy Kelleher[t] (FF) |
Marian McGennis[t] (FF) | ||||||||||||
| 1994 | Edward Haughey (FF) |
Michael Mulcahy (FF) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1995 | Brian Hayes[t] (FG) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1997 | Niamh Bhreathnach (Lab) |
Michael Enright (DL) |
Tom Berkery (FG) |
Niamh Cosgrave (FG) |
Aidan O'Connor (FG) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 21st | 1997 | Maurice Hayes (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Enda Bonner (FF) |
Frank Chambers (FF) |
Tom Fitzgerald[x] (FF) |
Dermot Fitzpatrick[y] (FF) |
Ann Leonard (FF) |
John Dardis (PDs) |
Jim Gibbons (PDs) |
Helen Keogh[z] (PDs) |
Máirín Quill (PDs) | ||||||||||||
| 2002 | Martin Mackin (FF) |
Mary O'Rourke[aa] (FF) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 22nd | 2002 | Cyprian Brady[aa] (FF) |
Brendan Kenneally[aa] (FF) |
Michael Kitt[aa] (FF) |
Michael Brennan[ab] (FF) |
Pat Moylan (FF) |
John Minihan (PDs) |
Tom Morrissey (PDs) |
Kate Walsh[ac] (PDs) | ||||||||||||||
| 2007 | Donie Cassidy (FF) |
Seán Dorgan (FF) |
Peter Sands (FF) |
Chris Wall (FF) |
Colm O'Gorman (PDs) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 23rd | 2007 | Dan Boyle (GP) |
Déirdre de Búrca[ad] (GP) |
Eoghan Harris (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Martin Brady (FF) |
Ivor Callely[ae] (FF) |
Maria Corrigan (FF) |
John Ellis (FF) |
Lisa McDonald (FF) |
Brian Ó Domhnaill (FF) |
Ciarán Cannon[af] (PDs) |
Fiona O'Malley[ag] (PDs) | |||||||||||
| 2010 | Mark Dearey (GP) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | Darragh O'Brien[ah] (FF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24th | 2011 | Aideen Hayden (Lab) |
Lorraine Higgins (Lab) |
Mary Moran (Lab) |
Fiach Mac Conghail (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Marie-Louise O'Donnell (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Mary Ann O'Brien (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Jillian van Turnhout (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Katherine Zappone[ai] (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Eamonn Coghlan[aj] (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Martin McAleese[ak] (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Jim D'Arcy (FG) | |||||||||||
| 2013 | Hildegarde Naughton[ai] (FG) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 25th | 2016 | Joan Freeman (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Colette Kelleher (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Billy Lawless (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Pádraig Ó Céidigh (Independent politicians in Ireland) |
Ray Butler (FG) |
Paudie Coffey (FG) |
Frank Feighan[al] (FG) |
Michelle Mulherin (FG) |
John O'Mahony (FG) |
James Reilly (FG) | ||||||||||||
| 2020 | Seán Kyne[am] (FG) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 26th | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes
- ^ Elected as President of Ireland on 4 May 1938.[5]
- ^ Died on 1 July 1942.
- ^ Died on 30 March 1946.
- ^ Died on 8 September 1939.
- ^ Nominated in place of Hyde[6]
- ^ Died on 4 December 1939.
- ^ Died on 19 January 1946.
- ^ Died on 16 September 1954.
- ^ Died on 16 November 1957.
- ^ Died on 19 November 1964.
- ^ Died on 7 November 1968.
- ^ a b c Elected to Dáil Éireann on 16 June 1977.
- ^ Elected to Dáil Éireann at a by-election on 10 June 1976.
- ^ a b Elected to Dáil Éireann on 11 June 1981.
- ^ Resigned on 12 March 1980.
- ^ a b c Elected to Dáil Éireann on 24 November 1982.
- ^ a b Elected to Dáil Éireann on 17 February 1987.
- ^ a b c Elected to Dáil Éireann on 15 June 1989.
- ^ a b c d Elected to Dáil Éireann on 25 November 1992.
- ^ a b c d Elected to Dáil Éireann on 6 June 1997.
- ^ Died on 27 June 1995.
- ^ Elected to the European Parliament, resigned from Seanad on 31 August 1994.
- ^ Appointed to the Board of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, resigned from Seanad on 4 May 1994.
- ^ Resigned from the Seanad on 4 April 2002.
- ^ Elected to Dáil Éireann on 17 May 2002.
- ^ Joined Fine Gael on 14 June 2000.
- ^ a b c d Elected to Dáil Éireann on 24 May 2007.
- ^ Joined the Progressive Democrats on 29 April 2004.
- ^ Died on 24 April 2007.
- ^ Resigned on 12 February 2010.
- ^ Resigned Fianna Fáil whip on 5 June 2010 and resigned from Fianna Fáil on 24 August 2010.
- ^ Joined Fine Gael on 24 March 2009; elected to Dáil Éireann on 25 February 2011.[7]
- ^ Sat as an Independent from dissolution of the Progressive Democrats in December 2009.
- ^ Nominated to seat vacated by Ciarán Cannon.[8]
- ^ a b Elected to Dáil Éireann on 26 February 2016.
- ^ Took the Fine Gael whip on 7 February 2012.
- ^ Resigned on 5 February 2013.
- ^ Elected to Dáil Éireann on 8 February 2020.
- ^ Nominated to seat vacated by Frank Feighan.[9]
List of major Irish racecourses
editHorse Racing Ireland recognises the following racecourses:[10]
|
Ulster |
Munster |
Leinster |
Connacht
|
Races have previously been held under the Rules of Racing at a number of other locations. Races were held at Tralee until 2008, when the course was sold for redevelopment.[11][12] Unaffiliated races are frequently held at many locations throughout the country.[13][14][15][16]
- ^ Ciara Treacy (27 February 2016). "Dublin South Central: 'It's the right thing to do' Fianna Fail candidate calls for full recount".
- ^ Cullen, Paul (12 February 2011). "Labour expected to take seat from Fianna Fáil". The Irish Times.
- ^ "National Summary". RTÉ News. 25 February 2011. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "Turnout was low because 'everything seemed fine'". Irish Examiner. 25 February 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "Uachtarán na hEireann do Thogha – Seanad Éireann (2nd Seanad) – Wednesday, 11 May 1938". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- ^ "Seanadóir d'Ainmniú – Seanad Éireann (2nd Seanad) – Wednesday, 11 May 1938". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- ^ "Election of Members to Dáil Éireann – Seanad Éireann (23rd Seanad) – Tuesday, 8 March 2011". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- ^ "Nomination of Member – Seanad Éireann (23rd Seanad) – Tuesday, 8 March 2011". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- ^ "Taoiseach appoints Sean Kyne to the Seanad". The Irish Times. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
GoRacingRacecourseswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Irish Racecourses and Horseracing Tracks in Ireland". Irish Horse Society. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
- ^ "The close of Tralee - Independent.ie". Independent.ie. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
- ^ "Dingle Horse and Pony Racing Festival". www.dingleraces.ie. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
- ^ "Geesala Festival & Horse Racing". www.mayo-ireland.ie. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
- ^ "Louth Hunt Point-to-Point moves to Bellurgan". Dundalk Democrat. 7 April 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
- ^ "Kilkee Strand Races". www.loophead.ie. Retrieved 23 July 2017.