Samuel Whitcomb Jr. (September 14, 1792 – March 5, 1879) was a colporteur, journalist and a champion of the working class, public schools and democratic political values. Whitcomb was born in Hanover, Massachusetts. As an adult, he moved across the early United States[broken anchor] more commonly than most people of his time. He served in the War of 1812. In 1817 he married Mary Simmons Joy.
He held several jobs and careers that included book, peddling, landowner, clerk, and journalist. It was his business of selling books' subscriptions that allowed him to travel the country extensively, giving him opportunities to purchase land at bargaining prices, gather a unique knowledge of the common US people, and to meet interesting and prominent people, including President Thomas Jefferson.[1]
Visit to Monticello
editTwo of those he met in 1824 were Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, while trying to sell subscriptions of William Mitford's multivolume book on The History of Greece. Though he did not sell any to Jefferson, he was able to interview him. This conversation has been memorialized in Monticello. It gives a critical, yet kind view of the octogenarian President, from the perspective of a common northerner—as opposed to the majority of scenes recorded from the perspective of Jefferson's peers or other slave-owners and political figures. Whitcomb's wife accompanied him on these business travels.[2][3]
Activist and reformer
editDuring his lifetime Whitcomb was better known for his journalism, and his untiring work for public schools and the rights of the common individual. He read the books he sold; information and data from them are used all through his writings and speeches. Early on, he joined the Massachusetts temperance movement.[4] In the 1830s he became a member of the Dorchester Workingmen's Party According to him, one of the party's aims was "to promote the distribution among the producers of wealth, of a more equitable proportion of the comforts and enjoyments resulting from their individual joint labours."[5]
Whitcomb was notable as a representative of the Northern, antebellum White; he was a self-educated working-class man who was politically active in several reform movements and had a deep sense of historical identity.[6] His writing places him as belonging to the anti-slavery camp, but he was not an abolitionist. Whitcomb did not believe in equality of races. He criticized William Lloyd Garrison after Nat Turner's rebellion for supporting abolition.[7] His speeches and writings advocating democracy rooted in working-class values made him an influential figure in other ways.
In September 1833, the Monthly Traveler of Boston wrote the following about Whitcomb after one of his speeches: "Mr. Whitcomb, it will be recollected, has not reaped the advantages of an academic education; he has made himself what he now is,-- which, to our view, goes more to his credit, than though his name were put forth with all the honors of a college diploma." His enthusiasm for the opportunities available to common citizens in the new republic inspired him to write, advocate and speak for the common person.[8]
In 1847, while living in Washington D.C. and working as a revenue clerk for the Office of the Treasury, Whitcomb became a correspondent for the Boston Journal. He researched and wrote mainly about topics concerning populist politics and the public school system. From 1845 to 1849 he worked for the Teachers Placement Agency. His activist and journalist work garnered him friendships with influential people such as Edward Everett and Horace Mann.
Later Days
editIn 1879, Whitcomb died in Vermont, on an estate he bought years before, but not before leading the defense for the Vermont veterans of the 1812 War, and actively promoting industrialization, fair wages and the expansion of the U.S. into Native American territories.
Best Known Works
editReferences
edit- ^ Delskey, Sharon & Rachel Wise (2004). "Massachusetts Historical SocietySamuel Whitcomb Papers". Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
- ^ Peden, William (1949). "A Book Peddler Invades Monticello". The William and Mary Quarterly. 6 (4): 631–636. doi:10.2307/1916755. JSTOR 1916755. OCLC 5545215252.
- ^ "Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia-- Jefferson in Conversation". monticello. 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
- ^ Temperance Convention & John Ford (1836). Proceedings of the Temperance Convention, Held in Boston on the Twenty-Third September, 1835. Boston: John Ford, agent of the Massachusetts Temperance Society, Temperance Press. p. 43. OCLC 12888638.
- ^ Commons, John R.; et al. (1918). History of Labour in the United States. New York: The Macmillan Company. p. 202. OCLC 429219.
- ^ Commons, John R.; et al. (1918). History of Labour in the United States. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 295.
- ^ Abzug, Robert H. (1970). "The Influence of Garrisonian Abolitionists' Fears of Slave Violence on the Antislavery Argument, 1829–40". Journal of Negro History. 55 (1): 23. doi:10.2307/2716541. JSTOR 2716541. S2CID 149609151.
- ^ "The Monthly Traveller, or, Spirit of the Periodical Press". Boston Mass. Badger & Porter. September 1833. p. 127.