St. Charles College was a private Jesuit college in Grand Coteau, Louisiana. Founded in 1837 by Jesuits from France and Kentucky, the school was the first Jesuit college established in the American South. It initially educated lay students exclusively until 1890, when it began functioning as a Jesuit scholasticate as well. In 1922, the college closed, and the campus was used only to train Jesuit novices. Today, the campus continues to be used for the training of Jesuits, as well as a retreat center and a home for elderly Jesuits. The surviving structures date to 1909 and are contributing properties of the Grand Coteau Historic District.
 Seal of St. Charles College | |
| Latin: Collegium Sancti Caroli[1] | |
| Active | 1837–1922 |
|---|---|
| Founder | Nicolas Point, S.J. |
Religious affiliation | Roman Catholic (Jesuit) |
| Location | 30°25′06″N 92°02′36″W / 30.41833°N 92.04333°W |
History
editFounding
editThe earliest effort to introduce the Society of Jesus to the area came in 1826, when Louis William Valentine Dubourg, the Bishop of Louisiana and the Two Floridas, offered an estate in Opelousas, Louisiana to the Jesuit priest Van Quickenborne for use by a group of novices from the Jesuits' Maryland province.[2] This plan did not materialize until one of Dubourg's successors, Antoine Blanc, the first Archbishop of New Orleans, recruited eight Jesuits from the province of Paris and the province of Lyon, as well one from Kentucky, Fr. Nicolas Point, who would be the superior. They were to establish a college in Iberville Parish, Louisiana in 1837.[3] When the superior met the French party upon their arrival in New Orleans, they unanimously agreed that it would be better to establish their school in Grand Coteau, as the Iberville site would be too small to accommodate the school, was located too close to the eroding banks of the Mississippi River, and restoration of the building would be prohibitively expensive.[4] The large Catholic population in Grand Coteau, as well as the presence of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, who operated the Academy of the Sacred Heart, drew them to Grand Coteau.[5]
Bishop Blanc was in attendance at the ceremonial groundbreaking on the new St. Charles College or a boarding school in Grand Coteau on July 31, 1837.[6] Upon its establishment, St. Charles became the first Jesuit college in the Southern United States.[7] The Jesuits also assumed ownership of the nearby St. Charles Borromeo Church,[6] which had been established in 1819.[8] While many supported the establishment of a Jesuit school in Grand Coteau, some sent letters threatening harm if they did not leave, incited by a local newspaper that opposed the move. In response, the lay parishioners of St. Charles Church took up arms and stood watch twenty-four hours a day to guard the school and the priests. St. Charles College officially opened for its first day of classes on January 5, 1838.[9]
By December of that year, the college had been transferred from the province of Paris to the province of Missouri, and the school was taken over by Jesuits from St. Louis.[10] Fr. Point's administration of the college proved to be dissatisfactory,[11] and he was relieved of office by the Jesuit superiors in 1840.[12] The school was officially incorporated in 1852.[13] St. Charles College closed in 1853, but the Jesuits continued to attend to St. Charles Church; the school reopened three years later.[14] The college was under great strain during the Civil War, as many students withdrew to fight, and it became the last college operating in Louisiana west of the Mississippi River. The school was occupied and guaranteed protection by the Confederate Army during the war.[15]
Transformation of mission
editIn 1890, St. Charles College began educating Jesuits in addition to lay students.[16] The original college building was destroyed by fires in 1900 and 1907, and the present building was constructed in 1909.[17] With decreasing enrollment in the early twentieth century due to students choosing to attend state schools, a Jesuit visitor recommended to closure of the school and sale of the campus; this was the proposal for all Jesuit schools in the South, with the exception of Loyola University New Orleans and Spring Hill College. Therefore, in 1922, St. Charles College was permanently closed.[18] The campus was transformed exclusively into a scholasticate for the training of Jesuits.[17]
Modern-day use
editToday, the campus continues to be used as a Jesuit novitiate. The facilities of St. Charles College also became the home of the Jesuit Spirituality Center in 1972, which hosts spiritual retreats. In 2013, it was put to additional use as a home for elderly Jesuits, known as the St. Alphonsus Rodrigue Pavilion.[19] In 1979, the campus was listed as a contributing property of the Grand Coteau Historic District.[17]
Notable alumni
edit- René L. De Rouen, politician and United States Representative from Louisiana[20]
- E. D. Estilette, politician and Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives[21]
- Ricardo Lancaster-Jones y Verea, Mexican historian, diplomat, scholar, professor, art collector and sugarcane entrepreneur.[22]
- Alfred Mouton, brigadier general in the Confederate Army[23]
- Charles Homer Mouton, politician and Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana[24]
- Alphonse E. Otis, Jesuit and president of Loyola University New Orleans[25]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ "Search". Internet Archive.
- ^ Garraghan 1983, p. 129
- ^ Garraghan 1983, pp. 134–135
- ^ Garraghan 1983, p. 136
- ^ Platt 2014, p. 59
- ^ a b Garraghan 1983, p. 138
- ^ Platt 2014, p. 58
- ^ Widman 1898, p. 343
- ^ Garraghan 1983, p. 139
- ^ Garraghan 1983, p. 140
- ^ Garraghan 1983, p. 143
- ^ Garraghan 1983, p. 145
- ^ Platt 2014, p. 63
- ^ Widman 1898, p. 344
- ^ Platt 2014, p. 67
- ^ Widman 1898, p. 345
- ^ a b c "National Register of Historic Places Inventory–Nomination Form". National Park Service. October 16, 1979. Archived from the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
- ^ Platt 2014, pp. 73–74
- ^ Martin, Stephanie (April 2017). "Jesuits' Lifelong Mission: Part of the Jesuit Mission—the job they embrace until the very end". Jesuits Central and Southern. Archived from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
- ^ United States Congress. "St. Charles College (id: D000265)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- ^ Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Louisiana 1892, p. 481
- ^ Lajoie, Lucien F. (1972). Who's Notable in Mexico. Who's Who in Mexico, No.1. Mexico City: Who's Who in Mexico, p. 124.
- ^ Blanchard 2004, p. 52
- ^ "C.H. Mouton Collection: Collection 261". University of Louisiana at Lafayette: University Libraries. October 5, 2016. Archived from the original on November 3, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
- ^ Who's Who in Louisiana and Mississippi 1918
Sources
edit- Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Louisiana. Vol. 2. Chicago: Goodspeed Publishing. 1892. OCLC 10676494. Archived from the original on October 21, 2019. Retrieved October 21, 2019 – via Google Books.
- Blanchard, Eddie (2004). Dupre's Song: A Story from the American Civil War. New York: iUniverse. ISBN 9780595323067. Archived from the original on November 3, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
- Garraghan, Gilbert J. (1983) [First published in 1938]. "Chapter 32: A Jesuit College in Louisiana". The Jesuits of the Middle United States. Vol. 3. Chicago: Loyola University Press. pp. 129–156. ISBN 0-8294-0444-9. Archived from the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019 – via Jesuit Archives.
- Platt, R. Eric (2014). Sacrifice and Survival: Identity, Mission, and Jesuit Higher Education in the American South. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1819-2. Archived from the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019 – via Google Books.
- Who's Who in Louisiana and Mississippi: Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Women of Louisiana and Mississippi. The Times-Picayune. 1918. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019 – via Google Books.
- Widman, C. M. (September 1898). "Outlines of History—St. Charles' Church, Grand Coteau, LA". Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia. 9 (3): 343–351. JSTOR 44208866.