The Presidential Council (Arabic: المجلس الرئاسي, al-Majlis ar-Rīʾāsiy) is a body formed under the terms of the Libyan Political Agreement which was signed on 17 December 2015. The Council carries out the functions of head of state of Libya[1] and is proposed to command the Libyan Armed Forces.
 Seal of the Libyan Presidential Council | |
 The Presidential Council in 2022; Abdullah al-Lafi (left), Mohamed al-Menfi (centre) and Musa Al-Koni (right) | |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 2016 |
| Jurisdiction | Libya |
| Headquarters | Al-Sikka Tripoli, Libya |
| Agency executive |
|
The agreement has been unanimously endorsed by the United Nations Security Council which welcomed the formation of the Presidency Council and recognized that the Government of National Accord is the sole legitimate executive government of Libya.[2] After the House of Representatives ceased recognizing the unity government in 2022 and installed a rival government, the Presidential Council has been responsible for the Government of National Unity.[3]
History
editBetween 2014 and March 2021, two governments, one in Tripoli and one in Tobruk, have vied for power. The government in Tobruk was recognized by the international community prior to the formation of the Presidential Council.[4]
Skhirat agreement
editIn October 2015, the UN envoy for Libya, Bernardino León, announced a proposal for the House of Representatives to share power with the rival new GNC government, under a compromise Prime minister, Fayez al-Sarraj. However, the terms of the final proposal were not acceptable to either side, and both rejected it.[5] Nonetheless, the proposal did spark a revised proposal put together by Fayez al-Sarraj and others, which was subsequently supported by the United Nations.[6] On 17 December 2015 members of the House of Representatives and the new General National Congress signed this revised political agreement, generally known as the "Libyan Political Agreement" or the "Skhirat Agreement".[7][8] Under the terms of the agreement, a nine-member Presidency Council and a seventeen-member interim Government of National Accord would have been formed, with a view to holding new elections within two years.[7] The House of Representatives would have continued to exist as a legislature and an advisory body, to be known as the High Council of State, would have been formed with members nominated by the New General National Congress.[9] On 31 December 2015, Chairman of the House of Representatives, Aguila Saleh Issa declared his support for the Libyan Political Agreement.[8]
The Chairman of the Presidential Council, Fayez al-Sarraj (former member of the Tobruk parliament), and seven of the council's other members arrived in Tripoli on 30 March 2016 at the Abu Sittah naval base.[4][10] The following day, it was reported that the GNA has taken control of the prime ministerial offices and that the rival National Salvation Government appointed prime minister Khalifa al-Ghawi had fled to Misrata. On April 5, the National Salvation Government announced that it was resigning, "ceasing operations," and ceding power to the Presidential Council.[11][12][13]
Government of National Unity
editOn 10 March 2021, the House of Representatives met in the central city of Sirte to formally approve the formation of a Government of National Unity led by Mohamed al-Menfi as Chairman of the Presidential Council and Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh as Prime Minister.[14] In 3 March 2022, the House of Representatives ceased to recognize the Government of National Unity and the Presidential Council, and installed a rival government, the Government of National Stability, under the leadership of Prime Minister Fathi Bashagha.[3] The decision was denounced as illegitimate by the High Council of State and condemned by the United Nations.[15] Since then, the Presidential Council has been responsible for the Government of National Unity.[3]
Structure
editThe Presidential Council is led by a Chairman supported by Vice-Chairmen representative of the historical regions of Libya.[16][17] Any decision taken by the Council must be approved unanimously by the Chairmen and Vice-Chairmen.[17]
Members
editMarch 2021-present
editA new Presidential Council was approved by the House of representatives on 10 March 2021, following an agreement reached at the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum under United Nations mediation:[18]
| Incumbent | Office | Since | Until | Constituency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mohamed Younis Ahmed Al-Manfi | Chairman of the Presidential Council | 15 March 2021 | Present | Representative for Cyrenaica |
| Abdullah al-Lafi | Vice-Chairman | 15 March 2021 | Present | Representative for Tripolitania |
| Musa Al-Koni | Vice-Chairman | 15 March 2021 | Present | Representative for Fezzan |
March 2016-March 2021
editBetween March 2016 and March 2021, the members of the council were:[19]
| Incumbent | Office | Since | Until | Constituency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fayez al-Sarraj | Chairman of the Presidential Council | 30 March 2016 | 15 March 2021 | GNA |
| Musa Al-Koni | Vice-Chairman | 30 March 2016 | 2 January 2017[20] | Southern Libya |
| Fathi Al-Majbari | Vice-Chairman | 30 March 2016 | 18 July 2018 | GNA |
| Abdulsalam Kajman | Vice-Chairman | 30 March 2016 | Muslim Brotherhood | |
| Ahmed Maiteeq[21] | Vice-Chairman | 30 March 2016 | 15 March 2021 | Misrata and GNA |
| Ali Faraj Qatrani | Vice-Chairman | 30 March 2016 | 8 April 2019[22] | Eastern Libya / LNA |
| Omar Al-Aswad | Minister | 30 March 2016 | Zintan and Western Libya | |
| Ahmad Hamza Al-Mahdi | Minister | 30 March 2016 | ||
| Mohammed Ammari | Minister | 30 March 2016 | GNC |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "As Libya marks 64th independence anniversary, UN envoy urges unity behind new Government". United Nations. December 24, 2015. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
- ^ "Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2259 (2015), Security Council Welcomes Signing of Libyan Political Agreement on New Government for Strife-Torn Country". United Nations. December 23, 2015. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
- ^ a b c Assad, Abdulkader (3 March 2022). "Bashagha's government sworn in at House of Representatives in Tobruk". The Libya Observer.
- ^ a b "A Quick Guide to Libya's Main Players". European Council on Foreign Relations. 19 May 2016. Archived from the original on October 25, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
- ^ "Libyan officials reject UN-proposed unity deal with rival government". The Guardian. Benghazi. Associated Press. 19 October 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- ^ UN Security Council Resolution 2259 of 23 December 2015
- ^ a b Kingsley, Patrick (17 December 2015). "Libyan politicians sign UN peace deal to unify rival governments". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 December 2015.
- ^ a b Zaptia, Sami (1 January 2016). "Ageela Salah now supports UN-brokered Skhirat agreement: Kobler". Libya Herald. Archived from the original on 24 February 2016.
- ^ "Libyan deal on course, but who is on board?". Al Arabiya. 25 December 2015. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
- ^ "Support grows for Libya's new unity government". AFP. April 1, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
- ^ "Libya's Tripoli Government Says Will 'Cease Operations'". ABC News. April 5, 2016. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
- ^ "Tripoli authorities cede power to Libyan unity government: statement". Yahoo! New Zealand. April 5, 2016. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- ^ Ayyab, Saber (March 31, 2016). "Rebel Tripoli administration vanishes". Archived from the original on April 10, 2016. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "Libya lawmakers approve interim govt in key step towards elections".
- ^ Alharathy, Safa (1 March 2022). "HCS: Granting confidence to a new government violates Political Agreement". The Libya Observer.
- ^ "UN proposes unity government to end Libya conflict". Al Jazeera. October 8, 2015. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
- ^ a b Article 1.3 of the Libyan Political Agreement. 2015.
- ^ "Libia: Eletto a Ginevra il nuovo governo con al Manfi presidente e Dbeibeh premier".
- ^ "Presidential Council to Be". Archived from the original on 2019-05-19. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
- ^ Musa, Rami (2 January 2017). Libyan presidential council resigns, citing failure Archived 2019-06-21 at the Wayback Machine. AP.
- ^ "Libya: Ahmed Maiteeq Hails Algeria's 'Support' to Political Dialogue in Libya". All Africa. Archived from the original on 2016-04-10. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
- ^ "Sarraj Deputy Quits, Voices Support for Libyan National Army". Asharq AL-awsat. Archived from the original on 2019-09-10. Retrieved 2019-04-08.