Port-aux-Français (French pronunciation: [pɔʁ o fʁɑ̃sɛ]) is the main settlement of the Kerguelen Islands, and French Southern and Antarctic Lands, in the south Indian Ocean.
Port-aux-Français
Port-aux-Français Port of France Port to the French | |
|---|---|
Scientific Research Base | |
 Port-aux-Français in 2005 | |
  Port-aux-Français Location in Kerguelen Islands & Indian Ocean  Port-aux-Français Port-aux-Français (Indian Ocean) | |
| Coordinates: 49°21′00″S 70°13′08″E / 49.35°S 70.218889°E | |
| Country | France |
| Territory | TAAF |
| District | Kerguelen Islands |
| Established | 1963 |
| Area | |
• Total | 0.70 km2 (0.27 sq mi) |
| • Land | 0.70 km2 (0.27 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Summer | 120 |
| • Winter | 45 |
| Time zone | UTC+5 |
| UN/LOCODE | TF PFR |
| Active times | All year-round |
| Status | Operational |
| Activities | List
|
| Website | taaf.fr |
Occupancy
editThe settlement is located on the shore of the Gulf of Morbihan. About 45 residents spend winter there, although the group can reach over 120 people in the summer. The location was chosen in 1949 by the head of the mission Pierre Sicaud for ltered location which was suitable for the construction of an air field, though this was never built.
From 1955 to 1957, a French slaughterhouse company, SIDAP, built an elephant seal processing plant equipped with Australian machinery. The factory opened its doors just after the wedding of the director, Marc Péchenart, and Martine Raulin on 16 December 1957. This was the first marriage ever celebrated on the islands. The factory closed in 1960, and the equipment was sent to Réunion in 2005.
Port-aux-Français has a shallow seaport which allows the unloading of supply ships (usually the Marion Dufresne) with barges shuttling to the quay.
The settlement, in addition to the logistical facilities for its own operation, hosts scientific laboratories (biology, geophysics), technical stations (such as meteorology, telecommunications and satellite tracking), a cinema and a small medical centre. There is also a small Catholic Church – Notre-Dame des Vents – in the settlement.
Tidal gauges
editThe base of Port-aux-Français is equipped with a marigraphic station, having three measuring devices:
- two tide gauges to measure pressure at sea bottom
- a radar measuring the sea level.
The two marigraphs and the radar send data to a local server, which relays them hourly to the Internet via the Argos satellite system.
Climate
editPort-aux-Français has an ocean-moderated mild tundra climate (Köppen climate classification ET).[1] Temperatures (without windchill) tend to remain fairly stable throughout the year, rarely reaching over 18 °C (64 °F) or falling below −8 °C (18 °F).[2] The average temperature in February, the warmest month, is 7.5 °C (45.5 °F) with a maximum of 11.5 °C (52.7 °F) during the day and 4.3 °C (39.7 °F) during the night. In winter, July and August are the coldest months, averaging 4.8 to 5.0 °C (40.6 to 41.0 °F) during the day and −0.8 °C (30.6 °F) at night.
Snowfall is possible in all months, though more common in winter. The climate is windier than in most places, with a recorded gust of 80 m/s (290 km/h; 180 mph).[3] The lowest recorded temperature was −9.5 °C (14.9 °F) on 11 August 2014, which beats the old record of −9.4 °C (15.1 °F) set in June 1953.[4] The highest temperature was 23.0 °C (73.4 °F) on 30 January 1959.[5]
| Climate data for Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands (1991–2020 averages, extremes 1950–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.8 (78.4) |
23.6 (74.5) |
22.3 (72.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
16.8 (62.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
13.2 (55.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.9 (67.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
12.3 (54.1) |
11.5 (52.7) |
9.7 (49.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
5.6 (42.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
5.9 (42.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
8.6 (47.5) |
7.9 (46.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
4.0 (39.2) |
2.8 (37.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
2.4 (36.3) |
2.9 (37.2) |
4.1 (39.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
7.2 (45.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.7 (40.5) |
4.9 (40.8) |
4.2 (39.6) |
3.0 (37.4) |
1.2 (34.2) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
0.7 (33.3) |
1.9 (35.4) |
3.6 (38.5) |
1.9 (35.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 52.2 (2.06) |
44.4 (1.75) |
59.0 (2.32) |
64.2 (2.53) |
70.4 (2.77) |
69.1 (2.72) |
69.4 (2.73) |
60.7 (2.39) |
56.3 (2.22) |
46.1 (1.81) |
50.7 (2.00) |
51.8 (2.04) |
694.3 (27.33) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.7 | 7.1 | 9.0 | 9.5 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 11.9 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 111.0 |
| Average snowy days | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 79 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 71 | 73 | 74 | 76 | 78 | 80 | 79 | 80 | 77 | 74 | 75 | 70 | 76 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | 3 (37) |
3 (37) |
3 (37) |
2 (36) |
0 (32) |
−1 (30) |
−1 (30) |
−1 (30) |
−1 (30) |
−1 (30) |
1 (34) |
2 (36) |
1 (33) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 187.2 | 158.4 | 145.6 | 114.5 | 95.3 | 74.7 | 85.8 | 106.5 | 128.2 | 153.4 | 166.6 | 182.3 | 1,598.3 |
| Source 1: Météo France[6] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weatherbase (snow days),[2] Time and Date (dewpoints 2005–2015)[7] | |||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Port Aux Francais, France". Weatherbase. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ^ "Climate Normals for Port Aux Francais 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ^ "Partes synops decodificados".
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Kerguelen (984)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records (in French). Meteo France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
- ^ "Climate & Weather Averages in X, Port-aux-Francais, French Southern Territories". Time and Date. Retrieved 9 January 2022.