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List of active rebel groups

This is a list of active rebel groups around the world. A "rebel group" is defined here as a polity that uses armed conflict in opposition to established government (or governments) for reasons such as to seek political change or to establish, maintain, or to gain independence.

Rebel groups by state

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Rebel groups are listed by the states within which they operate.

Within state Rebel group Subgroups / Affiliates Conflict Year Established Leader References
Multinational:
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Uganda 		  Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) None 1996 Musa Baluku [1]
Multinational:
  Algeria
  Bangladesh
  Burkina Faso
  Chad
  Egypt
  Indonesia
  Iraq
  Israel
  Ivory Coast
  Kenya
  Libya
  Mali
  Niger
  Nigeria
  Pakistan
  Somalia
  Syria
  Tunisia
  Yemen 		  Al-Qaeda 1988 Saif al-Adel [2][3][4]
Multinational:
  Afghanistan
  Algeria
  Bangladesh
  Burkina Faso
  Cameroon
  Chad
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Egypt
  India
  Iraq
  Iran
  Ivory Coast
  Libya
  Mozambique
  Mali
  Malaysia
  Niger
  Nigeria
  Pakistan
  Philippines
  Russia
  Saudi Arabia
  Somalia
  Syria
  Thailand
  Tunisia
  Turkey
  Yemen 		Islamic State  Islamic State 1999 Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi [5][6][7][8][9]
Multinational:
  Afghanistan
  Iran
  Pakistan
  Syria
  Tajikistan 		  Jama'at al-Jihad al-Islami None 2002
Multinational:
  Iraq
  Iran
  Syria
  Turkey 		  Kurdistan Workers' Party 1978 Abdullah Öcalan
Multinational:
  Central African Republic
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
  South Sudan
  Uganda 		  Lord's Resistance Army None 1987 Joseph Kony [10]
  Afghanistan   Afghanistan Freedom Front None Afghanistan conflict 2022
  National Resistance Front of Afghanistan None 2021 Ahmad Massoud
Warriors of Khazaristan None 2021 [11]
  Angola   Republic of Cabinda FLEC Cabinda War 1975 António Bento Bembe
  Burkina Faso   Ansar ul Islam None Insurgency in the Maghreb 2016 Abdoul Salam Dicko
  Cameroon   Ambazonia List of Ambazonian militant groups Anglophone Crisis 2017 Samuel Ikome Sako
  Central African Republic Central African Republic  Coalition of Patriots for Change Central African Republic Civil War 2020 François Bozizé (alleged)
  Chile Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco Lafkenche Mapuche Resistance[12] Mapuche conflict 1998 Héctor Llaitul
Weichán Auka Mapu None 2011 Collective leadership
  China   East Turkestan Islamic Movement None Xinjiang conflict 1988 Abdullah Mansour
  Colombia Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia None 2001 Dario Antonio Úsuga
  National Liberation Army (ELN) None 1964 Antonio Garcia [13]
  Popular Liberation Army (EPL) None 1967
  FARC dissidents None 2016 Gentil "Cabuyo" Duarte
  Democratic Republic of the Congo Bundu dia Kongo (BDK) None 1986 Ne Muanda Nsemi
CODECO None 1970s
  Coordination for a Referendum on Self-determination for Katanga (CORAK) None
  Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) None 2000
Kamwina Nsapu militia None
Mai-Mai None 1960s
  Mai Mai Kata Katanga None 2011
  Mai Mai Gédéon None
Mai Mai Sheka None
Mai-Mai Simba None
Mai Mai Yakutumba None
  National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo None 2017 William Yakutumba
Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI) None 2005 Peter Karim Udaga
Nyatura None
Patriotic Resistance Front of Ituri (FRPI) None 2002 Cobra Matata
Popular Front for Justice in the Congo (FPJC) None 2008 David Mbadu
  Progressive Katanga Congress (CPK) None
Raia Mutomboki None 2005 Isaac Chirambiza
RUD-Urunana None
Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) None 2001 Bosco Ntaganda
March 23 Movement (M23) None 2012 Bertrand Bisimwa
  Egypt Al Furqan Brigades None 2013
Hasm Movement None 2015
  Ethiopia   Fano
  • Wollo Fano
  • Gojjam Fano
  • Gondar Fano
  • Shewa Fano
  • Amhara People's Army
 War in Amhara 2018
  Oromo Liberation Army Oromo conflict 2020 Kumsa Diriba
  Tigray People's Liberation Front Tigray Defense Forces Tigray War 1975 Debretsion Gebremichael
  France Comité Régional d'Action Viticole (CRAV) None 1907
  Greece Black Star None
Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei None 2008
Popular Fighters Group None 2013
Revolutionary Struggle None 2003
  India Hizbul Mujahideen Dukhtaran-e-Milat[14] Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir 1989 Sayeed Salahudeen [15][16]
  Jaish-e-Mohammed • Lashkar-e-Mustafa[17]

• Kashmir Tigers[18]

2000 Masood Azhar [19]
  Lashkar-e-Taiba None 1986 Hafiz Muhammad Saeed [20]
United Jihad Council 1994
  National Socialist Council of Nagaland None Insurgency in Northeast India 1980 Thuingaleng Muivah
  United Liberation Front of Asom None 1979 [21]
  Communist Party of India (Maoist) None Naxalite–Maoist insurgency 2004 Nambala Keshava Rao [22]
  Maoist Communist Party of Manipur None 2011
International Sikh Youth Federation None 1987 Lakhbir Singh Rode [23]
Khalistan Zindabad Force None 1988 Ranjit Singh Neeta [13]
Students' Islamic Movement of India None 1977 [24]
  Indonesia   Free Papua Movement None Papua conflict 1963 Mathias Wenda
Jamaah Ansharusy Syariah (JAS) None
Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) None
  South Moluccas None 1950
  Iran   Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan None Western Iran clashes 1945 Mustafa Hijri
  Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan None 2000 Abdullah Mohtadi
  Kurdistan Freedom Party None 1991 Hussein Yazdanpanah
  Kurdistan Free Life Party None 2004 Abdul Rahman Haji Ahmadi
  Jaish ul-Adl None Insurgency in Balochistan 2012 Salahuddin Farooqui
  Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahvaz None Khuzestan conflict 2005 Habib Jabor / Saddam Hattem
Communist Party of Iran (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) None 2001
  People's Mujahedin of Iran None 1965 Maryam Rajavi
  Iraq Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order None Insurgency in Iraq 2006 Salah Al-Mukhtar
  White Flags None 2017
  Ireland Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA) None Dissident Irish republican campaign 1994 Continuity Army Council
New Irish Republican Army None 2012 Army Council
  Italy Informal Anarchist Federation None 2003
  Libya   Green Resistance None Libyan Crisis (2011–present) 2014
Rafallah al-Sahati Brigade None
  Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya None 2007 Issa Abdel Majid Mansur
Libya  Zintan Brigades None 2011 Kalifah Shahub
  Mali   Ansar al-Sharia None Mali War 2012
Azawad  National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad None 2011 Bilal Ag Acherif [25]
  Mexico   Popular Revolutionary Army None 1996 Edmundo Reyes [26]
  Zapatista Army of National Liberation None Chiapas conflict 1983 [27]
  Mozambique   Al-Shabaab None Insurgency in Cabo Delgado 2015
  Myanmar   All Burma Students' Democratic Front (ABSDF) None Internal conflict in Myanmar 1988 Than Khae
  DKBA-5 None 2010 Saw Mo Shay [28]
  Shan State Army - South (SSA-S) None 1996 Yawd Serk [29]
United Nationalities Federal Council (UNFC) 2011 Nai Hong Sar [30][31]
  United Wa State Army None 1989 Bao Youxiang
  Nigeria   Indigenous People of Biafra Eastern Security Network Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria 2012 Nnamdi Kanu
Adaka Biafra Marine Commandos None Conflict in the Niger Delta [32]
Asawana Deadly Force of Niger Delta (ADFND) None [33]
Biafra Avengers None [34]
Joint Niger Delta Liberation Force None [35]
Joint Revolutionary Council of the Joint Niger Delta Liberation Force (JNDLF) None [36]
  Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta None 2004 Henry Okah
Niger Delta Avengers None 2016 [37]
  Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force None 2004
Niger Delta Red Squad None [38]
Red Egbesu Water Lions None [39]
Red Scorpion None [40]
Utorogun Liberation Movement (ULM) None [41]
Ultimate Warriors of Niger Delta None [42]
  Ansaru None Islamist insurgency in Nigeria 2012
  Boko Haram None 2002 Abu Umaimata
Fulani herdsmen None Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria 1999 [43]
  Pakistan   Baloch Republican Army None Insurgency in Balochistan 2007 Brahumdagh Bugti [44]
  Balochistan Liberation Army None 2000 Hyrbyair Marri
  Jaish ul-Adl None 2012 Salahuddin Farooqui
  Lashkar-e-Islam None Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 2004 Zala Khan Afridi [45]
  Tehrik-i-Taliban 2007 Noor Wali Mehsud [46][47][48]
  Lashkar-e-Jhangvi None 1996
Lashkar-e-Omar None 2002 Qari Abdul Hai [49]
Sipah-e-Sahaba None 1985 Muhammad Ahmed Ludhianvi
  Palestine   Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades None 2000
Army of Islam None 2006 Mumtaz Dughmush
  Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine National Resistance Brigades 1968 Nayef Hawatmeh
  Hamas Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades 1987 Khaled Mashal
Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine Al-Quds Brigades 1987 Ziyad al-Nakhalah / Abd Al Aziz Awda
Lions' Den None 2022
  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades 1967 Ahmad Sa'adat
Popular Resistance Committees Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades 2000 Ayman al-Shashniya
  Paraguay   Armed Peasant Association (ACA) None Insurgency in Paraguay 2014
  Army of Marshal López (Ejército del Mariscal López, EML) None
  Paraguayan People's Army (EPP) None 2006 Osvaldo Villalba
  Peru   Militarized Communist Party of Peru None Internal conflict in Peru 1992 Comrade José
  Shining Path None 1960s Abimael Guzmán
  Philippines   Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters None Civil conflict in the Philippines 2008 Ustadz Karialan
  Communist Party of the Philippines New People's Army 1968 Benito Tiamzon [50]
  Rajah Sulaiman Movement None 1991 Ahmed Santos [51][52]
  Senegal Casamance  Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance None Casamance conflict 1982
  South Sudan   Nuer White Army None Ethnic violence in South Sudan 1991 Bordoang Leah
South Sudan  South Sudan Democratic Movement None 2010 John Uliny
  Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition None 2013 Riek Machar
  Sudan Sudanese Awakening Revolutionary Council None War in Darfur 2014 Musa Hilal
  Sudan Revolutionary Front 2011 Abdelaziz al-Hilu / Abdul Wahid al Nur / Gibril Ibrahim / Minni Minnawi
Janjaweed None Sudanese civil war (2023) 1987
  Rapid Support Forces None 2013 Hemedti
  Sudan Liberation Movement (al-Nur) None 2006 Abdul Wahid al-Nur
  Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North (al-Hilu) None 2017 Abdelaziz al-Hilu
Tamazuj None
  Syria   Ansar al-Tawhid Firqat al-Ghuraba Syrian civil war 2018 Abu Diyab Sarmin
  Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria 2013 Îlham Ehmed / Mansur Selum
  Junud al-Makhdi
  • Jamaat Bulgar
  • Jaish al-Shomal al-Islami
 2016 Sayfuddin al-Tatari
  So Be Steadfast Operations Room 2020
  Syrian Free Army None 2016 Muhammad Farid
  Syrian Interim Government 2013 Anas al-Abdah
  Syrian Salvation Government 2017 Ali Keda [53]
  Thailand   Barisan Revolusi Nasional None South Thailand insurgency 1963
Gerakan Mujahidin Islam Patani None 1995 Nasoree Saesang
Islamic Liberation Front of Patani None 1947 Tengku Mahmud Mahyiddin / Tengku Abdul Jalal
  Patani United Liberation Organisation None 1968
Runda Kumpulan Kecil None 2000 Rorhing Ahsong
  Tunisia   Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade None
  Turkey   Civil Protection Units None Kurdish–Turkish conflict 2015
Islamic Party of Kurdistan None 1979 Muhammad Salih Mustafa
  Kurdistan Communities Union None 2005 Abdullah Öcalan
  Kurdistan Freedom Hawks None 2004
  Turkish Hezbollah None 1983 İsa Altsoy
Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist (Maoist Party Centre) None Maoist insurgency in Turkey 1987
  Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front None 1970
  Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement 2016
  Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front None 1994
Turkish Islamic Jihad None
  Uganda Uganda Coalition for Change (UCFC) None 2021 [54]
  United Kingdom Arm na Poblachta None Dissident Irish republican campaign 2017
Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA) None 1994 Continuity Army Council
New Irish Republican Army None 2012 Army Council
Red Hand Defenders None 1998
Real Ulster Freedom Fighters None 2007
  Yemen   Houthi movement Supreme Political Council 1994 Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi
South Yemen  Southern Movement Southern Transitional Council 2007 Aidarus al-Zoubaidi

Groups that control territory

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Main article: List of rebel groups that control territory

Groups that "control territory" are defined as any group that hold any populated or inhabited town, city, village, or defined area that is under the direct administration or military control of the group. Such control may be contested and might be temporary or fluctuating, especially under the circumstance of conflict. It does not include the governments of stable breakaway states or other states with limited recognition.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "They killed people until they got tired". Vice News. 7 September 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  2. ^ Wright, Lawrence (2006). The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 107–108, 185, 270–271. ISBN 978-0-375-41486-2.
  3. ^ Watson, Rob (11 April 2007). "Algeria blasts fuel violence fears". BBC News. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  4. ^ Filiu, Jean-Pierre (Spring 2009). "Local and global jihad: Al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghrib". Middle East Journal. 63 (2). Middle East Institute: 213–226. doi:10.3751/63.2.12. S2CID 144728059.
  5. ^ Kingsley, Patrick (31 January 2014). "Egypt faces new threat in al-Qaeda linked group Ansar Beyt al-Maqdis". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  6. ^ "Islamic State 'has 50,000 fighters in Syria'". al-Jazeera. 20 August 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  7. ^ Sidikov, Alisher (2 July 2003). "Pakistan Blames IMU Militants For Afghan Border Unrest". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
  8. ^ "Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)". MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Archived from the original on 27 August 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2006.
  9. ^ "The Children Brainwashed To Become Jihadis". 15 October 2015. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021.
  10. ^ "Uganda to head new military force to hunt for Kony". hindustantimes.com. Reuters. 18 March 2012. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  11. ^ "Warriors of #Khazaristan". 14 October 2021.
  12. ^ ""Lafkenche Mapuche Resistance" Claims Recent Sabotage Actions in Wallmapu". 25 December 2021.
  13. ^ a b "Council Decision of 21 December 2005: implementing Article 2(3) of Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 on specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism and repealing Decision 2005/848/EC" (PDF). Official Journal of the European Union. 23 December 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
  14. ^ "The revival of communalism". frontline.thehindu.com. 12 March 1999. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  15. ^ "Combating terrorism – Restrictive measures against certain persons and entities" (PDF). Council of the European Union (Press release). 30 November 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  16. ^ "EU adds Hizbul Mujahideen to terror list". Rediff India Abroad. 1 December 2005. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  17. ^ "Kashmir Tigers: Another militant outfit emerges, fourth in two years". 22 October 2021. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  18. ^ "Explained: What is 'Kashmir Tigers', blamed for J&K police attack". The Indian Express. 14 December 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  19. ^ "Jaish-e-Mohammad: A profile". BBC News. 6 February 2002. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  20. ^ Kurth Cronin, Audrey; Huda Aden; Adam Frost; Benjamin Jones (6 February 2004). CRS Report for Congress: Foreign Terrorist Organizations (PDF) (Report). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  21. ^ "United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA)". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  22. ^ "Troops die in India Maoist attack". bbc.co.uk. 13 April 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  23. ^ "International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF)". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  24. ^ "Students Islamist Movement of India (SIMI)". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  25. ^ "mages and exclusive testimony of northern Mali: a colonel MNLA reveals its military arsenal". France 24. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  26. ^ Tobar, Hector (20 September 2007). "A small guerrilla band is waging war in Mexico". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 25 July 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  27. ^ O'Neil, Patrick H.; Karl Fields; Don Share (2006), Cases in Comparative Politics (2nd ed.), New York: Norton, pp. 376–378, ISBN 0-393-92943-4
  28. ^ Naing, Saw Yan (23 February 2011). "Ethnic Armed Groups to Negotiate Jointly". irrawaddy.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
  29. ^ Htwe, Ko (24 February 2011). "Three Burmese Soldiers Killed in Southern Shan State". irrawaddy.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2011.
  30. ^ Administrator (6 June 2013). "UNFC".
  31. ^ "KNU History". karennationalunion.net. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  32. ^ "Oriental Times: BREAKING: New Deadly Group, 'Adaka Biafra Marine Commando' Blow Up Shell Trunk Line In Rivers". www.otimestv.com. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  33. ^ "New militant group Asawana Deadly Force of Niger Delta demands sovereign state". Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  34. ^ "BIAFRA AVENGERS: BEWARE OF CARROTS ON SCORPION INFESTED STICKS". www.thebiafraherald.co. The Biafra Herald. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  35. ^ "Joint Niger Delta Liberation Force: Why are new militant groups emerging in Nigeria?". 3 June 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  36. ^ Daniel, Ikem (11 June 2016). "JOINT NIGER DELTA LIBERATION FORCE (JNDLF):"Why We Ceased-fire on Our Earlier Missiles Launch"". Ikem Daniel Blog !!. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  37. ^ "Who are the Niger Delta Avengers? - Vanguard News". 15 May 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  38. ^ "Oriental Times: BREAKING: New Militant Group Emerges In Imo, Threatens To Shut Down All Oil Facilities". www.otimestv.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  39. ^ "Militants shift attack to Bayelsa, bomb Agip gas pipeline; demand release of Kanu, Dasuki". 19 May 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  40. ^ "New Militant Group, "Red Scorpion" Blows Pipeline In Imo State – INFORMATION NIGERIA". 22 June 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  41. ^ "New militant group threatens to blow up Utorogun gas plant – Vanguard News". 16 June 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  42. ^ "Another militant group emerges in Niger Delta, demands 60% of oil blocks – Daily Post Nigeria". 8 June 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  43. ^ "Fulani Herdsmen (Nigeria) | Terrorist Groups | TRAC". www.trackingterrorism.org. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  44. ^ Sahi, Aoun; Magnier, Mark (21 October 2013). "Passenger train bombed in Pakistan, at least seven dead". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  45. ^ Bajoria, Jayshree (6 February 2008). "Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 2 June 2009.
  46. ^ Laub, Zachary; Bajoria, Jayshree; Masters, Jonathan (18 November 2013). "Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  47. ^ Rehmat, Kamran (27 January 2009). "Swat: Pakistan's lost paradise". Islamabad: Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 February 2009.
  48. ^ "Pakistan's extremists: The slide downhill". The Economist. 8 April 2009. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  49. ^ "Terrorist Group of Pakistan: Lashkar-e-Omar (The Army of Omar)". South Asia Terrorism Portal. 2002. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  50. ^ Powell, Colin (9 August 2002). "Designation of a Foreign Terrorist Organization". U.S. State Department. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  51. ^ Philippines arrests key militants – BBC.com
  52. ^ Cochrane, Joe (May 2006). "Ticking Time Bombs". Newsweek International. MSN. Archived from the original on 20 September 2006.
  53. ^ "Syria: Who's in control of Idlib?". BBC News. 18 February 2020.
  54. ^ "Uganda: Security Confirms New Rebel Group Behind Recent Attacks on Police Posts - Eight Arrested". 22 December 2021.
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