The Indianapolis 500 (also called the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race)[ a] [ 2] is an annual American open-wheel car race held on American Memorial Day weekend at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS), in Speedway, Indiana .[ 3] It was first held in 1911 after the track's owners had experimented with several other long-distances auto races over the previous two years.[ 2] The race was not held in 1917 or 1918 and again from 1942 to 1945 because of war.[ 2] It was administered by the American Automobile Association between 1911 and 1955, then by the United States Auto Club from 1956 to 1997, and finally by the Indy Racing League /IndyCar beginning in 1998.[ 3] [ 4] The event usually covers 200 laps over a total distance of 500 mi (800 km).[ 3] Each winning racer and team is presented with a small replica of the Art Deco sterling silver Borg-Warner Trophy ,[ b] [ 7] a replica of the pace car ,[ 8] a large sum of money,[ 9] and a championship ring as prizes for winning the race.[ 10] In the 108 editions of the Indianapolis 500 that have occurred as of the 2023 event , 75 different drivers have won.[ 3]
The winner of the Indianapolis 500 is awarded a small replica of the Borg-Warner Trophy .
A. J. Foyt , Al Unser , Rick Mears , and Hélio Castroneves share the record for the most victories with four each.[ 11] Troy Ruttman and Unser are the youngest and oldest Indianapolis 500 winners, winning at the ages of 22 years and 80 days in 1952 and 47 years and 360 days in 1987 , respectively.[ 12] Juan Pablo Montoya holds the record for the longest period of time between two victories – 15 years between the 2000 and 2015 races .[ 13] Castroneves holds the record for the longest span of wins. He won his first Indianapolis 500 in 2001 and his last (as of 2024) in 2021 , a span of 20 years.[ 14] It has been won by drivers from 11 different countries. A total of 55 American drivers have won 77 editions of the race, more than any other nationality.[ 3] The winner of the first race was American racer Ray Harroun in 1911 , and the most recent winner is American racer Josef Newgarden in 2024.[ 3] Two editions of the Indianapolis 500, in 1924 and 1941 , were won by two drivers sharing a car;[ 15] relief drivers were used in the winning entries in 1911, 1912 , 1923 , and 1925 , but they are not recognized as race winners.[ 5] Team Penske has won the most races as a car entrant with 20 since their first in 1972 .[ c] [ 2]
Dario Franchitti is the most recent driver to achieve three victories at the race.
By driver nationality
edit
^ It was called the International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race in 1911, the Liberty Sweepstakes in 1919, and the International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race again from 1920 to 1980.[ 1]
^ Since 1987, the original trophy has had a sterling silver egg-shaped bas-relief sculpture of the winning driver's face affixed to the base.[ 5] [ 6]
^ Victories for Team Penske are also listed under three other entrants: Roger Penske Enterprises, Penske Cars, and Penske Racing.[ 16]
^ a b c d Relief drivers for Harroun (1911), Dawson (1912), Milton (1923), and DePaolo (1925) included Cyrus Patschke , Don Herr , Howdy Wilcox , and Norman Batten . None of the four relief drivers have been officially recognized as race winners.[ 5] [ 17]
^ Because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana , the 2020 race was moved from May 24 to August 23.[ 122]
^ All chassis have been provided by Dallara since 2009.[ 16]
^ a b Built by Ilmor [ 129]
^ All tires have been provided by Firestone since 2000.[ 16]
^ "IMS Hall of Fame Inductees" . Indianapolis Motor Speedway Museum . Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021 .
^ a b c d Davidson, Donald (June 2021) [1994]. "Indianapolis 500-Mile Race" . Encyclopedia of Indianapolis . Archived from the original on May 26, 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022 .
^ a b c d e f g h Augustyn, Adam; C. Shepherd, Melinda; Chauhan, Yamini; Levy, Michael; Lotha, Gloria; Tikkanen, Amy. "Indianapolis 500" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2021 .
^ Cavin, Curt (January 27, 2020). "Track Talk: The Greatest Spectacle in Racing" . IndyCar Series . Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021 .
^ a b c d "2011 – 100th Anniversary Indianapolis 500 Official Media Guide" (PDF) . Indianapolis Motor Speedway . 2011. pp. 138– 139, 170– 173, 192, 194, 199, 224– 317. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 27, 2022. Retrieved November 27, 2022 .
^ Martin, Bruce (October 18, 2020). "Double Vision: Takuma Sato's second face for the Borg-Warner Trophy" . NBC Sports . Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2023 .
^ Malsher-Lopez, David (May 25, 2021). "How did the Indy 500's Borg-Warner Trophy become an icon?" . Motorsport.com . Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021 .
^ "1953 Ford Sunliner Pace Car" . The Henry Ford . June 18, 2020. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2023 .
^ "Indianapolis 500 Winning Drivers: Total Purse & Winner's Share" . Indianapolis Motor Speedway . Archived from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2022 .
^ Scott, Jonathan (May 25, 2012). "Dan Wheldon's Widow Receives His Winner's Ring" . Indianapolis Monthly . Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2012 . Ayello, Jim (May 3, 2017). "Alexander Rossi accepts Indianapolis 500 winner's ring" . The Indianapolis Star . Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .
^ "Most Indianapolis 500 Wins" . Guinness World Records . Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021 .
^ Hiaslop, Todd (May 31, 2021). "Indy 500 winners: A complete list of all-time race champions, records, most wins" . Sporting News . Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021 .
^ Fryer, Jenna (May 25, 2015). "Montoya wins Indy 500" . Sarasota Herald-Tribune . Associated Press . Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021 .
^ "Driver Records & Milestones – Victories" . Indianapolis Motor Speedway . Archived from the original on October 5, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2023 .
^ "Borg-Warner Trophy heading for Japan" . Autoweek . November 28, 2017. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021 .
^ a b c d e f g "Indianapolis 500 Race Day Stats – Race Results" . Indianapolis Motor Speedway . Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024 ."Indianapolis 500 Race Day Stats – Race Summaries – Indianapolis 500" . Indianapolis Motor Speedway . Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024 .
^ Larlham Jr., Daniel (October 21, 2022). "In 1911, a Lebanon native helped drive the winning car at the first-ever Indy 500" . Lebanon Daily News . Archived from the original on November 27, 2022. Retrieved November 27, 2022 .
^ "1911 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1911 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1912 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1912 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1913 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1913 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1914 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1914 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1915 Indianapolis 500 – Round 9" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1915 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1916 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1916 International 300" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ a b Mitchell, Dawn (March 26, 2020). "Indy 500 delayed: 6 times the Indianapolis 500 was canceled" . The Indianapolis Star . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1919 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1919 Liberty 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1920 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1920 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1921 Indianapolis 500 – Round 12" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1921 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1922 Indianapolis 500 – Round 11" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1922 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1923 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1923 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1924 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1924 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1925 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 ."1925 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ "1926 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1926 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1927 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1927 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1928 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1928 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1929 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1929 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1930 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1930 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1931 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1931 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1932 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1932 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1933 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1933 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1934 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1934 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1935 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1935 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1936 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1936 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1937 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1937 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1938 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1938 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1939 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1939 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1940 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1940 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1941 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1941 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1946 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1946 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1947 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1947 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1948 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1948 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1949 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1949 International 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1950 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1950 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1951 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1951 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1952 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1952 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1953 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1953 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1954 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1954 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1955 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1955 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1956 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1956 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1957 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1957 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1958 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1958 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1959 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1959 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1960 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1960 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1961 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1961 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on May 30, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1962 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1962 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1963 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1963 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1964 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1964 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on May 31, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1965 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1965 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1966 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1966 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1967 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1967 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1968 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1968 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1969 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."Brawner-Ford Hawk No. 2, 1969" . National Museum of American History . December 14, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023 ."1969 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1970 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1970 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1971 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1971 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1972 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1972 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1973 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1973 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1974 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 ."1974 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021 .
^ "1975 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1975 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1976 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1976 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on May 31, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1977 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1977 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on May 29, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1978 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1978 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1979 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1979 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1980 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1980 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1981 Indianapolis 500" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1981 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1982 Indianapolis 500" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1982 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1983 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1983 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1984 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1984 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1985 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1985 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1986 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1986 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1987 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1987 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1988 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1988 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1989 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1989 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1990 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1990 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1991 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1991 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1992 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1992 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1993 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1993 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1994 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1994 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1995 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1995 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1996 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1996 Indy Car Series 80th Indianapolis 500-Mile Race" . Motorsport Stats. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1996 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1997 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1997 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1998 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1998 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "1999 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1999 Indy Car Series 83rd Indianapolis 500-Mile Race" . Motorsport Stats. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."1999 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2000 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2000 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2001 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."Race result: Indy Racing League 2001: Race 4 in Indianapolis (oval) on 27 May 2001" . Speedsport Magazine. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2001 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2002 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."Race result: Indy Racing League 2002: Race 5 in Indianapolis (oval) on 26 May 2002" . Speedsport Magazine. Archived from the original on September 20, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2002 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2003 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."Race result: IRL IndyCar Series 2003: Race 4 in Indianapolis (oval) on 25 May 2003" . Speedsport Magazine. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2003 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2004 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2004 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2005 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2005 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2006 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2006 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2007 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."Race result: IRL IndyCar Series 2007: Race 5 in Indianapolis (oval) on 27 May 2007" . Speedsport Magazine. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2007 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2008 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."Race result: IRL IndyCar Series 2008: Race 6 in Indianapolis (oval) on 25 May 2008" . Speedsport Magazine. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2008 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2009 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."Race result: IRL IndyCar Series 2009: Race 4 in Indianapolis (oval) on 24 May 2009" . Speedsport Magazine. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2009 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2010 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."Race result: IRL IndyCar Series 2010: Race 6 in Indianapolis (oval) on 30 May 2010" . Speedsport Magazine. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2010 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2011 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."Race result: IndyCar Series 2011: Race 5 in Indianapolis (oval) on 29 May 2011" . Speedsport Magazine. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2011 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2012 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2012 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2013 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2013 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2014 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2014 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2015 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2015 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2016 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2016 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2017 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2017 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2018 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2018 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2019 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2019 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ Brown, Laura Sky (March 26, 2020). "Indy 500 Moved to August 23" . Car and Driver . Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2023 .
^ "2020 Indianapolis 500 – Round 7" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2020 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2021 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 ."2021 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021 .
^ "2022 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6" . Motor Sport . Archived from the original on November 27, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022 ."2022 Indianapolis 500" . Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on November 27, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2022 .
^ "107th Running of the Indianapolis 500 – Official Final Results – Race 6" (PDF) . IndyCar Series . May 28, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 28, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023 ."Indy Car Series 107th Running of the Indianapolis 500 Classification" . Motorsport Stats. p. 2 . Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023 .
^ "108th Running of the Indianapolis 500 – Official final results" (PDF) . IndyCar series . May 26, 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 27, 2024 .
^ "Indianapolis 500 Winning Drivers: Winning Engines" . Indianapolis Motor Speedway . Archived from the original on December 4, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023 .
^ Ambrosini, Véronique; Jenkins, Mark; Mowbray, Nardine, eds. (2016). Advanced Strategic Management: A Multi-Perspective Approach . London, England: Red Globe Press. pp. 69– 70. ISBN 978-1-137-37794-4 . Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021 .