Laguna Caldera

Laguna Caldera is a potentially active volcanic caldera and a geographical depression in Rizal, Philippines. It is broadly elliptical in shape, with dimensions of 20 by 10 km. It has a summit (Mount Sembrano) elevation of 743 metres (2,438 ft).^[1] The caldera forms the middle lobe of Laguna de Bay, bound by the Morong Peninsula and Talim Island to the west, and the Jalajala Peninsula to the east.

Laguna Caldera
Laguna Caldera looking northwest
Highest point
Elevation	743 m (2,438 ft)[1]
Coordinates	14°25′N 121°16′E / 14.42°N 121.27°E / 14.42; 121.27[1]
Geography
Laguna Caldera Location of Laguna Caldera in the Philippines
Location	Rizal, Philippines
Geology
Mountain type	Caldera
Volcanic arc/belt	Macolod Corridor
Last eruption	Approx. 1.2 Million Years Ago

The caldera may have formed in two stages about 1 million and 27,000-29,000 years ago, during which time at least two major explosive eruptions took place. It is unknown when the Laguna Caldera last erupted but it may have been active during the Holocene.^[1] Deposits from the caldera form thick ignimbrite sheets in Rizal, Metro Manila, Laguna, and Bulacan.^[2] Remnants of volcanic activity include undated maars at the southern end of Talim Island and a solfatara field on nearby Mount Sembrano.^[1] Given the current shape of the lake and the caldera, and how it was once connected to Manila Bay as evidenced by its ground drill geology, its formation is speculated to have been a result of an even earlier cataclysmic eruption, pointing to a possibility that it was once a volcano of considerable elevation that exploded, similar to Krakatoa.^[3]