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The politics of Syria is currently in a transitional period led by the Syrian transitional government. The seat of the government is located in Damascus, Syria. The previous government consisted of a President, a Prime Minister, and a legislative council with 250 seats.[1]
Politics of Syria | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Polity type | Transitional government |
| Constitution | Constitution of Syria |
| Legislative branch | |
| Name | People's Assembly |
| Type | Unicameral |
| Meeting place | Parliament Building |
| Presiding officer | Vacant, Speaker of the People's Council |
| Executive branch | |
| Head of state | |
| Title | President |
| Currently | Vacant |
| Appointer | Direct popular vote |
| Head of government | |
| Title | Prime Minister |
| Currently | Mohammed al-Bashir |
| Appointer | President |
| Cabinet | |
| Name | Cabinet of Syria |
| Leader | Prime Minister |
| Deputy leader | Deputy Prime Minister |
| Appointer | President |
| Ministries | 28 |
| Judicial branch | |
| Name | Judiciary of Syria |
| Supreme Constitutional Court | |
On 8 December 2024, after the successful Syrian rebel offensives resulted in the fall of Damascus and the ouster of former president Bashar al-Assad, many former government officials under Assad's regime fled to neighboring countries for sanctuary. Tahrir al-Sham, the dominant opposition faction, has tasked Prime Minister Mohammed al-Bashir of the Syrian Salvation Government to head the transitional administration until 1 March 2025.[2] The transitional period is expected to last until 2026.[3]
Executive branch
editSyria is currently led by a transitional caretaker administration, which is expected to serve until 1 March 2025 when a more comprehensive transitional government is expected to be formed to oversee the rest of the transitional period until 2026.[4]
| Office | Name | Party | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| President | Vacant | n/a | 8 December 2024 |
| Prime Minister | Mohammed al-Bashir[5] | SSG | 10 December 2024 |
Cabinet
editThe cabinet performs the day-to-day administrative functions of government.[6][7]
Caretaker Prime Minister Mohammad al-Bashir told Al Jazeera on 16 December 2024 that "for the time being" ministers from the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG) would head national ministries.[8]
Legislative branch
editThe People's Assembly is Syria's legislature. It has 250 members elected for a four-year term in 15 multi-seat constituencies. The Syrian constitution of 2012 introduced multi-party system without guaranteed leadership of any political party.[22] After the collapse of the Assad Regime following successful rebel offensives late 2024, the People's Assembly was suspended on 13 December 2024 by the transitional authorities for three months.[23]
Judicial branch
editSyria's judicial branches include the Supreme Constitutional Court, the High Judicial Council, the Court of Cassation, and the State Security Courts. Islamic jurisprudence is a main source of legislation and Syria's judicial system had elements of Ottoman, French, and Islamic laws. Syria had three levels of courts: courts of first instance, courts of appeals, and the constitutional court, the highest tribunal. Religious courts handle questions of personal and family law.[24]
International organization participation
editSyria is a member of the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Arab Monetary Fund, Council of Arab Economic Unity, Customs Cooperation Council, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Food and Agriculture Organization, Group of 24, Group of 77, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Chamber of Commerce, International Development Association, Islamic Development Bank, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Finance Corporation, International Labour Organization, International Monetary Fund, International Maritime Organization, Intelsat, Interpol, International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, United Nations, UN Commission on Human Rights, UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, Universal Postal Union, World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization, World Meteorological Organization, and World Tourism Organization.
Syria's diplomats last sat on the UN Security Council (as a non-permanent member) in December 2003.
Notes
edit- ^ Appointed in the Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali government; remained in a caretaker capacity
References
edit- ^ Phillips, Douglas A.; Gritzner, Charles F. (2010). Syria. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438132389.
- ^ Al Jazeera Staff. "What to know about Syria's new caretaker government". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
- ^ "Syrian opposition leader says state institutions will be preserved in 18-month transition". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
- ^ "Washington Returns to Damascus with High Stakes for Syria's Transition | The Washington Institute". www.washingtoninstitute.org. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
- ^ "Mohammed al-Bashir assigned to form new Syrian government". Archived from the original on 9 December 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
- ^ "Syrian PM-designate starts consultations to form new cabinet – People's Daily Online". en.people.cn. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ Manar (3 July 2016). "President al-Assad issues Decree No. 203 on forming the new Syrian government". Syrian Arab News Agency. Archived from the original on 12 July 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ Al Jazeera Staff. "What to know about Syria's new caretaker government". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
- ^ "Mohammed al-Bashir assigned to form new Syrian government". Ammon News. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "What to know about Syria's new caretaker government". aljazeera.com. 15 December 2024. Wikidata Q131451019. Archived from the original on 15 December 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Syrian Transitional Government Officially Established, L24, 11 December 2024, Wikidata Q131451006, archived from the original on 15 December 2024
- ^ Timour Azhari (10 December 2024), Exclusive: Syria's new rulers back shift to free-market economy, business leader says, Reuters, Wikidata Q131421935, archived from the original on 10 December 2024
- ^ "Electricity Minister inspects work at Tishreen Thermal Power Plant". Syrian Arab News Agency. 19 December 2024. Archived from the original on 21 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
- ^ Dadouch, Sarah; Jalabi, Raya (12 December 2024). "Syria's acting finance minister pushes plan to revive war-torn economy". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 12 December 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
- ^ "Appointment of Asaad Hassan al-Sheybani as Foreign Minister in the Syrian Transitional Government". Erem News (in Arabic). 21 December 2024. Archived from the original on 21 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
- ^ https://www.syria.tv/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7?amp
- ^ https://www.aa.com.tr/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9/3435036
- ^ Widespread Condemnation of Sharaa's Brother Appointment as Minister of Health & Rejection of His Condescending Rhetoric Towards Revolutionary Organizations, The Syrian Observer, 19 December 2024, Wikidata Q131522512, archived from the original on 21 December 2024
- ^ https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/274866312/xinhua-news--syrian-interim-govt-eyes-economic-reforms-assures-ample-strategic-reserves
- ^ "Women will play a key role in a new Syria, says minister". Al Jazeera English. 22 December 2024. Wikidata Q131541454. Archived from the original on 23 December 2024.
- ^ "SANA Syrian News Agency – Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic Approved in Popular Referendum on February 27, 2012, Article 8". Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
- ^ "Syria new leadership suspends constitution, parliament for 3 months". Middle East Monitor. 13 December 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
- ^ "Syria (05/07)". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
External links
edit- The Syrian Constitution accessed 13 November 2012
- "Government of Syria portal before December 2024". Archived from the original on 9 December 2024.