The Fife and Kinross Miners' Association was a coal miners' trade union based in Fife and Kinross-shire in Scotland.
History
editThe union was founded in 1869 or 1870, and proved immediately successful by achieving the eight-hour day for miners in the counties, and was the first union to be recognised by Scottish mine owners. In 1877, employers organised a lockout, targeting the union, but alone out of Scottish coal miners' unions, it survived.[1] The union was a strong supporter of the 1892 UK miners' strike, even publishing a list of strikebreakers in the county.[2]
In 1894, the association became a founding member of the Scottish Miners Federation, which in turn affiliated to the Miners' Federation of Great Britain (MFGB).[3] By 1907, it had 15,500 members.[4]
In 1922, the FKMA merged with the Clackmannan Miners' Association, forming the Fife, Kinross and Clackmannan Miners' Association (FKCMA).[5]
The new union suffered several splits. The Independent Labour Party-aligned Miners' Reform Union of Fife, Kinross and Clackmannan left almost immediately, led by Philip Hodge.[5][6] This union survived through the 1926 UK general strike, following which William Adamson was persuaded that it should be permitted to merge back into the FKCMA.[7] However, Hodge was elected General Secretary in 1928, and Adamson left to found the right-wing[clarification needed] Fife, Clackmannan, and Kinross Miners' Union, which subsequently was recognised as the official union by the National Union of Scottish Mineworkers and Miners' Federation of Great Britain.[8]
The rump union soon disappeared, with supporters of the Communist Party of Great Britain forming the United Mineworkers of Scotland, and those in favour of a non-political union forming the "Fife, Kinross and District Industrial Trade Union".[6][5] The United Mineworkers was the more successful, with its membership peaking at roughly half of the FCKMU.[9]
In 1944, the MFGB became the National Union of Mineworkers, and the FKCMA became its Fife Area, with less independence than before. It was later merged with the Stirlingshire Area to become the "Fife, Clackmannan and Stirlingshire Area".
General Secretaries
editOriginal union
edit- 1869: Henry Cook
- 1881: John Weir
- 1908: William Adamson
- 1917: James Cook
- 1928: Philip Hodge
Adamson union
edit- 1928: William Adamson
- 1936: James Cook
- 1944: James Potter
- 1946: John McArthur
- 1956: Bill McLean
- 1963: Lawrence Daly
- 1965:
References
edit- ^ W. H. Marwick, "A Short History of Labour in Scotland, p.27
- ^ Alex Maxwell, Chicago Tumbles: Cowdenbeath and the Miners Strike, p.139
- ^ Arthur Ivor Marsh and Victoria Ryan, Historical directory of trade unions, Volume 6, pp.510-511
- ^ Report on Trade Unions in 1905-1907. London: Board of Trade. 1909. p. 82-101.
- ^ a b c Arthur Ivor Marsh and Victoria Ryan, Historical Directory of Trade Unions, vol.6, p.492
- ^ a b "Adamson, William [Willie]", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Matthew Worley, Class Against Class: The Communist Party in Britain Between the Wars, p.265
- ^ Matthew Worley, Class Against Class: The Communist Party in Britain Between the Wars, p.124
- ^ L. J. Macfarlane, The British Communist Party: Its Origin and Development Until 1929, p.265