Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12, or duodecane) is an oily liquid n-alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C12H26 (which has 355 isomers).
| |
| |
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Dodecane[1] | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
| 1697175 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.607 |
| EC Number |
|
| 201408 | |
| KEGG | |
| MeSH | n-dodecane |
PubChem CID
|
|
| RTECS number |
|
| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C12H26 | |
| Molar mass | 170.340 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Gasoline-like to odorless |
| Density | 0.7495 g mL−1 at 20 °C[2] |
| Melting point | −10.0 to −9.3 °C; 14.1 to 15.2 °F; 263.2 to 263.8 K |
| Boiling point | 214 to 218 °C; 417 to 424 °F; 487 to 491 K |
| log P | 6.821 |
| Vapor pressure | 18 Pa (at 25 °C)[3] |
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
1.4 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 |
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.421 |
| Viscosity | 1.34 mPa s |
| Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C)
|
376.00 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
490.66 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−353.5–−350.7 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−7901.74 kJ mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
| |
| Danger | |
| H304 | |
| P301+P310, P331 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 71 °C (160 °F; 344 K) |
| 205 °C (401 °F; 478 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 0.6% |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | hazard.com |
| Related compounds | |
Related alkanes
|
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
It is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component. It is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in nuclear reprocessing plants.[4]
Combustion reaction
editThe combustion reaction of dodecane is as follows:
- C12H26(l) + 18.5 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 13 H2O(g)
One litre of fuel needs about 15 kg of air to burn (2.6 kg of oxygen), and generates 2.3 kg (or 1.2 m3) of CO2 upon complete combustion.
Jet fuel surrogate
editIn recent years, n-dodecane has garnered attention as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A, S-8, and other conventional aviation fuels. It is considered a second-generation fuel surrogate designed to emulate the laminar flame speed, largely supplanting n-decane, primarily due to its higher molecular mass and lower hydrogen-to-carbon ratio which better reflect the n-alkane content of jet fuels.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "n-dodecane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
- ^ "Dodecane".
- ^ "Dodecane".
- ^ Rydberg, Jan (2004). Solvent Extraction Principles and Practice. Marcel Dekker. p. 524. ISBN 0-8247-5063-2.
External links
edit- Caudwell, D.R.; Trusler, J.P.M.; Vesovic, V.; Wakeham, W.A. (2003-06-16). "The Viscosity and Density of n-Dodecane and n-Octadecane at Pressures up to 200 mPa and Temperatures up to 473 K" (PDF). NIST. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-09. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
- Material Safety Data Sheet for Dodecane
- Dodecane, Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases