Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois, is an elementary school operated by Winnetka Public Schools. It is significant for its progressive philosophy and its International Style architecture. The design of its building was a collaboration between the Chicago firm of Perkins, Wheeler and Will and Eliel and Eero Saarinen.[3] It currently serves kindergarten through fourth grade students.[4] The school was established in 1940-41.[5] Sebastian Hinton's prototype "jungle gym" was located here, having been moved from Horace Mann School in 1940 and then relocated to the Winnetka Historical Society in 2010.[6][7] The school was awarded the Twenty-five Year Award by the American Institute of Architects in 1971.[8] It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1990.[2] In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, Crow Island School was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places [9] by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois).
Crow Island School | |
 | |
   | |
| Location | 1112 Willow Road Winnetka, Illinois 60093 |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 42°6′2″N 87°44′45″W / 42.10056°N 87.74583°W |
| Built | 1940 |
| Architect | Saarinen, Eliel & Eero; Perkins, Wheeler & Will |
| Architectural style | International Style |
| NRHP reference No. | 89001730 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 27, 1989[1] |
| Designated NHL | December 14, 1990[2] |
Background
editProgressive education flourished in the 1920s and continued to develop in the 1930s. However, because of economic hardship during the Great Depression, few new schools had been built to accommodate the movement. Carleton Washburne was a regional leader in progressive thought and, as superintendent of schools in Winnetka, Illinois, sought to establish a new school.
Larry Perkins, Philip Will, Jr., and Todd Wheeler had recently formed the architectural firm and this was one of their first commissions. Perkins was the son of Dwight H. Perkins, the former Chief Architect for the Chicago Board of Education; the elder Perkins designed two schools in Winnetka. The Perkins family had connections on the Winnetka School Board as well as superintendent Washburne. Although Washburne was interested in the firm's modern approach to architecture, he was concerned about their lack of experience. He changed his mind when Larry Perkins suggested a collaboration with Eliel and Eero Saarinen. The Saarinens, who were interested in an innovative educational project, agreed for the two firms to collaborate.[10]
Design
editPerkins, Wheeler & Will was responsible for the bulk of the early design. They interviewed students and teachers about the project and sat in on classes. They had to design the building for the modest sum of $287,000 ($6,160,000 in 11-2022 dollars) in construction cost. A site for the school was selected on Crow Island, a high spot in the Skokie Marsh bordering the Crow Island Woods. The swamp was filled with landfill from two Works Progress Administration projects in the area: the Skokie Lagoons Project and a track depression for the Chicago and North Western Railway. John McFadzean and Robert Everly were consulted to design a park-like atmosphere for the school grounds.[10]
The school has four wings emerging from a central building with common rooms. This design allows each classroom to have its own outdoor courtyard. Each wing also has its own playground, two of which feature experimental examples of a jungle gym. The Saarinens designed a hexagonal sandbox for the northwest wing. The main entrance is under a chimney overhang on the west, with an additional entrance for the kindergarten on the east. The one-story building is flat with the exception of a 50-foot (15 m) chimney emerging from the north face, providing a "fifth wing" stretching vertically.[10]
The school was one of the first to be designed in the international style of architecture in North America. Its aesthetics and form, although not its planning or educational model, soon became a template for mid-century and factory model schools.[11]
Perkins, Wheeler & Will used the profits from the design to commission Hedrich Blessing Photographers to photograph the building. Perkins & Will would go on to design over five hundred schools.[10]
References
edit- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
- ^ a b "Crow Island School". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2007.
- ^ http://www.artic.edu/aic/libraries/caohp/perkins.html Archived 2008-01-17 at the Wayback Machine Oral History interview regarding design of school.
- ^ "School website". Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
- ^ School history website Archived 2010-05-11 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
- ^ "J" is for Jungle Gym from Winnetka, Illinois Historical Society
- ^ "Crow Island School history". Archived from the original on May 11, 2010. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
- ^ The American Institute of Architects. Twenty Five Year Recipients Archived November 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
- ^ Waldinger, Mike (January 30, 2018). "The proud history of architecture in Illinois". Springfield Business Journal. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Tubergen, Janice E. (October 27, 1989), National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Crow Island School, National Park Service, retrieved April 8, 2015
- ^ Why Don't All Schools Look Like This?, Zach Mortice, The Atlantic CityLab, October 29, 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-28
Further reading
edit- Mortice, Zach (October 9, 2015). "Why Don't All Schools Look Like This One?". Bloomberg CityLab.
External links
edit- Crow Island School
- List of awards
- National Register of Historic Places - Crow Island School registration form with detailed description
- Chicago Reader article with detailed history and description
- Crow Island School's virtual tour
- Illinois Great Places - Crow Island School
- Society of Architectural Historians SAH ARCHIPEDIA entry on Crow Island School