Microvision

 

Unlike most later consoles, the Microvision did not contain an onboard processor (CPU). Instead, each game included its own processor contained within the removable cartridge.^[9][10][11] This meant that the console itself effectively consisted of the controls, LCD panel and LCD controller.^[9][11]

The processors for the first Microvision cartridges were made with both Intel 8021 (cross licensed by Signetics) and Texas Instruments TMS1100 processors. Due to purchasing issues, Milton Bradley switched to using TMS1100 processors exclusively including reprogramming the games that were originally programmed for the 8021 processor. The TMS1100 was a more primitive device, but offered more memory and lower power consumption than the 8021. First-revision Microvisions needed two batteries due to the 8021's higher power consumption, but later units (designed for the TMS1100) only had one active battery holder. Even though the battery compartment was designed to allow the two 9-volt batteries to be inserted with proper polarity of positive and negative terminals, when a battery was forcefully improperly oriented, while the other battery was properly oriented, the two batteries would be shorted and they would overheat. The solution was to remove terminals for one of the batteries to prevent this hazard. Due to the high cost of changing production molds, Milton Bradley did not eliminate the second battery compartment, but instead removed its terminals and called it a spare battery holder.^{[citation needed]}

 

Microvision units and cartridges are now somewhat rare.^[12][13] Those that are still in existence are susceptible to three main problems: "screen rot," ESD damage, and keypad destruction.

The manufacturing process used to create the Microvision's LCD was primitive by modern standards. Poor sealing and impurities introduced during manufacture have resulted in the condition known as screen rot. The liquid crystal spontaneously leaks and permanently darkens, resulting in a game unit that still plays but is unable to properly draw the screen. Nothing that can be done to prevent screen rot in most Microvision systems. Extreme heat (such as resulting from leaving the unit in the sun) can also instantly destroy the screen.^[3]

A major design problem on early units involves the fact that the microprocessor (which is inside the top of each cartridge) lacks ESD protection and is directly connected to the copper pins which normally connect the cartridge to the Microvision unit. If the user opens the protective sliding door that covers the pins, the processor can be exposed to any electric charge the user has built up. If the user has built up a substantial charge, the discharge can jump around the door's edge or pass through the door itself (dielectric breakdown). The low-voltage integrated circuit inside the cartridge is extremely ESD sensitive, and can be destroyed by an event of only a few dozen volts which cannot even be felt by the person, delivering a fatal shock to the game unit. This phenomenon was described in detail by John Elder Robison (a former Milton Bradley engineer) in his book Look Me in the Eye; Robinson described the issue as having been a significant enough issue during the 1979 holiday season (with up to 60% of units being returned as defective) that it resulted in significant panic among Milton Bradley staff and required extensive modifications to both later Microvision units and Microvision factories (the former being of his own design) to better dispel stray static charges.^[14]

The Microvision unit had a twelve-button keypad, with the switches buried under a thick layer of flexible plastic. To align the user's fingers with the hidden buttons, the cartridges had cutouts in their bottom (over the keypad). As different games required different button functions, the cutouts were covered with a thin printed piece of plastic, which identified the buttons' functions in that game. The problem with this design is that pressing on the buttons stretched the printed plastic, resulting in the thin material stretching and eventually tearing. Having long fingernails exacerbated the condition. Many of the initial games were programmed to give feedback of the keypress when the key was released instead of when the key was pressed. As a result, users may press on the keypad harder because they are not being provided with any feedback that the key has been pressed. This resulted from a keypad used for prototyping being different from the production keypad; the prototyping keypad had tactile feedback upon key pressing that the production units lacked.^{[citation needed]}

 

• CPU: Intel 8021/TI TMS1100 (on cartridge)
• Screen type and resolution: 16 × 16 pixel LCD^[2][6]
• Register width: 4 bit (TMS1100), 8 bit (8021)
• Processor speed: 100 kHz
• RAM (integrated into CPU): 64 bytes
• ROM: 2K (TMS1100), 1K (8021)
• Cartridge ROM: 2K (TMS 1100), 1K (8021) masked (integrated into CPU; each game's CPU was different)
• Video Display Processor: LCD Custom Driver (made by Hughes)
• Sound: Piezo beeper
• Input: Twelve button keypad, one paddle
• Power requirements: One or two 9 volt batteries on earlier Microvision consoles, one 9 volt battery on later Microvision consoles
• Power Dissipation: 110 mW (TMS 1100), 1 W (8021)

While the game cartridge plastic cases were beige colored in the USA, in Europe they came in a variety of different colors, and the games were numbered on the Box. The age range in Europe for the console and its games was from 8 to 80 years old or 8 to Adult.

There were 12 titles known to have been released.

   Background shading indicates canceled games.

#	US title	Overseas titles	Game number (EU)	Release date	Microprocessor/s[15]	PCB Revision(s)
1	Block Buster 4952	Block Buster   Block Buster   Block Buster   Block Buster   Casse Brique	1   1   1   1   1	November 1979	TI MP3450A	4952 REV A 4952-56 REV A 4952-79 REV B
2	Bowling 4972	Bowling   Bowling   Bowling   Bowling   Bowling	2   2   2   2   2	November 1979	TI MP3475NLL	4952 REV A
3	Connect Four 4971	Connect 4   4 Gewinnt   Vier Op'n Rij   Forza 4   Puissance 4	5   5   5   5   5	November 1979	Signetics Intel 8021 TI MP3481NLL	4971 REV C 4952 REV -
4	Pinball 4974	Pinball   Pinball   Flipper   Flipper   Flipper	4   4   4   4   4	November 1979	TI MP3455NLL	4952 REV A
5	Mindbuster 4976	N/A	N/A	1979	TI MP3457NLL	4952 REV A
6	Star Trek: Phaser Strike (later just Phaser Strike) 4973	Shooting Star   Shooting Star   Shooting Star   Shooting Star   Shooting Star	3   3   3   3   3	1979	TI MP3454NLL	4952 REV A
7	Vegas Slots 4975	N/A	N/A	1979	TI MP3474-NLL	4952-56 REV -
8	Baseball 4974	N/A	N/A	1980	TI MP3479-N1NLL	4952-56 REV -
9	Sea Duel 4064	Sea Duel   See-Duell   Duel   Duello Sul Mare   Bataille Navale (Battleship)	6   6   6   6   6	1980	TI MP3496-N1	4952-56 REV -
10	Alien Raiders 4176	Space Blitz   Blitz   Blitz   Blitz   Blitz	7   7   7   7   7	1981	TI M34009-N1	4952-79 REV B
11	Cosmic Hunter 4177	N/A	N/A	1981	TI M34007-N1	4952-79 REV B
12	N/A	Super Block Buster   Super Blockbuster 611497800   Super Block Buster   Super Casse Brique (Super Brick Breaker) 611497801	8   8   8   8	1982	TI M34047-N2LL	7924952D02 Rev B
13	Barrage	?	?	Unreleased (supposed to be released in 1982)	?

The Microvision was featured in Friday the 13th Part 2 (1981).^[5]

• 1980 Games 100 in Games^[16]
• 1981 Games 100 in Games

• Mattel Auto Race
• Vectrex