Martin Russell Thayer

Martin Russell Thayer was born in Dinwiddie County, Virginia near the city limits of Petersburg. He attended the Mount Pleasant Classical Institute in Amherst, Massachusetts and Amherst College. He moved with his father to Philadelphia in 1837. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1840. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1842, and commenced practice in Philadelphia.

Thayer was a commissioner to revise the revenue laws of Pennsylvania in 1862. He was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses, during which he served on the committee on the bankrupt law and was the chairman of the United States House Committee on Private Land Claims. He declined to be a candidate for re-election in 1866, and resumed the practice of law.

While in Congress, Thayer criticized the use of portraits of living persons on US currency, suggesting that the Treasury's privilege of portrait selection for currency^[1] was being abused.^{[nb 1]} Spearheaded by Thayer,^[3] on April 7, 1866 Congress enacted legislation specifically stating "that no portrait or likeness of any living person hereafter engraved, shall be placed upon any of the bonds, securities, notes, fractional or postal currency of the United States."^[4]

Thayer was judge of the district court of Philadelphia from 1867 to 1874, and served as president judge of the court of common pleas of Philadelphia from 1874 until his resignation in 1896. In 1873 he was appointed on the board of visitors to West Point, and wrote the report. (Some 40 years earlier, his cousin Sylvanus Thayer had been superintendent of West Point.) He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1877.^[5] He was elected by the judges of the common pleas court prothonotary of Philadelphia in 1896. He also engaged in literary pursuits. He died in Philadelphia in 1906 and is buried in the churchyard of Church of St. James the Less in Philadelphia.

 

Wikisource has original works by or about:
Martin Russell Thayer

• The Duties of Citizenship (Philadelphia, 1862)
• A Reply to Mr. Charles Ingersoll's "Letter to a Friend in a Slave State." (Philadelphia, 1862)
• The Great Victory: its Cost and Value (1865)
• The Law considered as a Progressive Science (1870)
• On Libraries (1871)
• The Life and Works of Francis Lieber (1873)
• The Battle of Germantown (1878)

• United States Congress. "Martin Russell Thayer (id: T000150)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• The Political Graveyard
• Kravitz, Robert J. (2012). A collector's guide to postage & fractional currency: The pocket change of the Union (2nd ed.). Coin & Currency Institute. ISBN 978-087184-204-6.
• National Monetary Commission (1911). Financial laws of the United States 1778–1909. Washington, DC.: Express Printing Co. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
• Rothbard, Murray N. (2002). A History of Money and Banking in the United States – The Colonial Era to World War II. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute. ISBN 0-945466-33-1. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
• Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1889). "Thayer, Sylvanus" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.

• Works by Martin Russell Thayer at Project Gutenberg
• Martin Russell Thayer at Find a Grave

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