Maria Harrison Hotchkiss (née Bissell; August 14, 1827 – November 10, 1901) was an American educator, heiress, and philanthropist. She was married to wealthy munitions maker Benjamin B. Hotchkiss, though long estranged. Upon receiving his inheritance she founded The Hotchkiss School, a private boarding school in Lakeville, Connecticut, in 1891.
Maria Bissell Hotchkiss | |
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| Born | Maria Harrison Bissell August 14, 1827 Salisbury, Connecticut |
| Died | November 10, 1901 (aged 74) New York City |
| Resting place | Town Hill Cemetery, Lakeville, Connecticut |
| Education | Amenia Academy |
| Occupation | Educator |
| Spouse | Benjamin B. Hotchkiss |
| Parent(s) | William Bissell Eliza Ann Loveland |
Early life
editMaria Harrison Bissell was born on August 14, 1827, in Salisbury, Connecticut.[1][2] Her father was William Bissell (1794-1869), and her mother was Eliza Ann Loveland (1800-1841). She grew up of slender means on a farm in Salisbury named "Tory Hill" with her two brothers, William Loveland Bissell (1833-1922) and Charles H. Bissell (1829-1928). The family was related to Presidents William Henry Harrison and Benjamin Harrison.[1] Educated at Amenia Academy in Amenia, New York,[1] she went on to work as a teacher there.[1]
Marriage
editIn 1850, she married Benjamin B. Hotchkiss, a Connecticut born gun maker.[3] By the time of the American Civil War he had become a noted munitions developer. Hotchkiss patented a line of projectiles for rifled artillery that was used extensively during that conflict.[4][5][6]
When the U.S. government showed little interest in funding new weapons after the war Hotchkiss moved to France in 1867 - without Maria. There he set up a munitions factory, Hotchkiss et Cie, which went on to develop the renowned revolving barrel artillery piece known as the Hotchkiss gun.[citation needed]
Inheritance
editBenjamin Hotchkiss died young, at age 58, in February 1885. Upon receiving her husband's inheritance, Maria considered macadamizing the streets of Salisbury and Sharon, Connecticut for use by automobiles.[1] However, the idea was rejected by both towns, which thought the upkeep would be too expensive.[1] Instead, she was convinced by Timothy Dwight V, the President of Yale University, to start a preparatory school.[1] In 1891 she donated the land, buildings, and the endowment[7] to found the Hotchkiss School, a private boarding school in Lakeville.[8][7] The school purchased "Tory Hill," the farm where Mrs. Hotchkiss was born and spent her childhood, in 2010.[9]
In 1893, she founded the Hotchkiss Library in Sharon, Connecticut,[10][11] helping to choose its architectural design.[11]
Personal life
editMaria married Benjamin B. Hotchkiss on May 27, 1850.[3] However, he permanently moved to France in 1867, subsequently marrying a Miss Cunningham from New York in a French civil ceremony without first divorcing.[1]
Later, Maria resided at the Plaza Hotel in New York City.[7] She died on November 10, 1901, in New York City.[12] She was buried in Lakeville with her Bissell relatives in the Town Hill Cemetery, which lies within the campus of The Hotchkiss School.[7][1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i Birmingham, Stephen (1992). "What Made Maria Do It?". In Kolowrat, Ernest (ed.). Hotchkiss: A Chronicle of an American School. New York: New Amsterdam Books. pp. 1–12. ISBN 1-56131-058-1.
- ^ "Maria Bissell Hotchkiss: The First Lady of Town Hill". Hotchkiss Magazine. No. Fall 2016. Lakeville, CT: The Hotchkiss School. December 15, 2016. p. 15. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
- ^ a b "Maria Bissell-Hotchkiss". Musee de Chevau. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
- ^ Ripley, Warren (1984), Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War (4th rev. ed.), Charleston, South Carolina: The Battery Press, pp. 296–297, OCLC 12668104
- ^ Light Hotchkiss projectiles at CivilWarArtillery.com
- ^ Heavy Hotchkiss projectiles at CivilWarArtillery.com
- ^ a b c d The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Macropaedia : Knowledge in depth, Encyclopædia Britannica, 1975, p. 93 [1]
- ^ Lael Tucker Wertenbaker, Maude Hill Basserman, The Hotchkiss School: A Portrait, Hotchkiss School, 1966, p. 1 [2]
- ^ "Hotchkiss Buys Property". The Litchfield County Times. Digital First Media. July 8, 2010. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
- ^ Hotchkiss Library website
- ^ a b Sharon Historical Society, Sharon, Arcadia Publishing, 2014, p. 47
- ^ The American and English Annotated Cases: Containing the Important Cases Selected from the Current American, Canadian, and English Reports. Vol. 13. Edward Thompson Co. 1909. p. 861. Retrieved February 24, 2017.