Treaty of Warsaw (1970)

Territorial evolution of Poland in the 20th century
Pre-World War II Revolution in Congress Poland (1905–1907) Ostrowiec Republic Zagłębie Republic Separation of Kholm Governorate from Congress Poland and annexation into Russian Kiev General Governorate (1913) Act of 5th November by the Central Powers proclaiming Kingdom of Poland (1916) Central Powers-Ukrainian People's Republic/Ukrainian State Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918) Central Powers-Soviet Russia Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918) Short-lived Byelorussian, Ukrainian and Rusyn republics (1917-1920): West Ukrainian People's (later absorbed into Poland-allied Ukrainian People 's), Belarusian Democratic, Lemko, Komancza Local revolts and transient polities in postwar power vacuum (1918) Tarnobrzeg Republic Republic of Zakopane First Republic of Pińczów Witkowo Revolt Republic of Ostrów Restoration of Polish independence (1918) and ensuing wars to preserve it (1918-1922): Greater Poland uprising Silesian Uprisings Polish–Czechoslovak War Polish-West Ukrainian War War of Polish-Ukrainian alliance against Soviet Russia (1920-1921) and its satellites: Ukrainian SSR short-lived Galician SSR later merged into the former short-lived SSR of Lithuania and Belorussia attempted Polish SSR later dissolved and replaced with token Polish National Districts Polish-Lithuanian War Treaty of Versailles (1919) Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) Suwałki Agreement (1920) Treaty of Warsaw (1920) with Ukrainian People's Republic 1920 East Prussian plebiscite (1920) Polish satellite states Republic of Central Lithuania (1920-1922) Free City of Danzig under League of Nations protection (1921-1939) Peace of Riga (1921): eastern border of Poland accepted by Russian SFSR and its satellites (Byelorussian SSR which replaced SSR of Lithuania and Belorussia, and Ukrainian SSR which replaced Ukrainian People's Republic) Incorporation of Central Lithuania (1922) German–Polish Convention regarding Upper Silesia (1922) Polish National Districts of the Soviet Union (1925-1937) Marchlewszczyzna (1925-1931) Dzierżyńszczyzna (1932-1937) Munich Agreement and Polish annexation of Trans-Olza (1938) First Vienna Award and Polish annexation of parts of Spiš and Orava (1938) Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (1939) Secret German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty
World War II Wartime administrative division Territories of Poland and Danzig annexed by Nazi Germany General Government Polish areas annexed by USSR Polish government-in-exile and Polish Underground State German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement (1941) Bialystok District Sikorski–Mayski agreement (1941) Transient Polish-controlled areas (1944) Turgiele Republic Iwonicz Republic Second Pińczów Republic Warsaw Uprising Allied conferences Tehran Conference (1943) Moscow Conference (1943) Yalta Conference (1945) Potsdam Conference (1945)
Post World War II Potsdam Agreement (1945) Polish–Soviet border agreement (1945) Treaty of Zgorzelec (1950) Polish-Soviet Border Adjustment Treaty (1951) Polish-Czechoslovak Border Treaty (1958) Polish-East German Baltic Continental Shelf Delimitation Treaty (1968) Treaty of Warsaw (1970) Polish-Czechoslovak Border Adjustment (1976) Polish-East German Maritime Boundary in Pomeranian Bay Delimitation Treaty (1989) German-Polish Border Treaty (1990) Two Plus Four Treaty (1991) Treaty of Good Neighbourship (1991) Poland–Slovakia Border Adjustment (2005) Polish-Danish Maritime Boundary Delimitation Agreement (2018)
Areas Remnants of Polish statehood during partitions: Congress Poland/Vistula Land Galician autonomy Kresy Wschodnie ("Eastern Borderlands") Taken Lands (remainder of Russian partition of Poland) Wileńszczyzna Grodzieńszczyzna Lwów Land Areas of Galicia and Lodomeria east of river San Kresy Zachodnie ("Western Borderlands") 1815-1918 used as synonymous with entire Prussian partition of Poland 1918-1945 used in altered meaning regions unsuccessfully claimed from Germany by interwar Poland, in particular Upper Silesia, Warmia, Masuria, Powiśle, Posen-West Prussia, sometimes also Starostwo of Draheim, Lauenburg and Bütow Land and easternmost Hither Pomerania (Lands of Schlawe and Stolp) Zaolzie After 1945, the former eastern territories of Germany were called Recovered Territories, while the term Kresy Zachodnie fell into disuse, though it was sometimes invoked to denote Polish claims to some East German territories such as Wolgast Pomerania, Milsko, Miśnia or Lausitz, raised typically only until early 1970s as counterclaims to retaliate for West German calls for revision of Oder–Neisse line.
Demarcation lines Greater Poland military demarcation line (1919-1920) Cieszyn Silesia demarcation line (1918-1920) Polish–Lithuanian demarcation line (1919-1920) Curzon Line (1920) Upper Silesia demarcation line (1921-1922) Polish–Lithuanian demarcation line (1923-1938) Oder–Neisse line (1945–1951)
Adjacent countries Territorial evolution of Germany Territorial changes of the Baltic states Territorial evolution of Russia
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Treaty of Warsaw
Signed	7 December 1970 (7 December 1970)
Signatories	Poland, West Germany
Languages	German, Polish

The Treaty of Warsaw (German: Warschauer Vertrag, Polish: Traktat warszawski) was a treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the People's Republic of Poland. It was signed by Chancellor Willy Brandt and Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz at the Presidential Palace on 7 December 1970, and it was ratified by the West German Bundestag on 17 May 1972.

In the treaty, both sides committed themselves to nonviolence and accepted the existing border—the Oder-Neisse line, imposed on Germany by the Soviet Union in 1945 following the end of World War II. This had been a quite sensitive topic since then, as Poland was concerned that a German government might seek to reclaim some of the former eastern territories. From the Polish perspective, the transfer of these regions was considered to be a compensation for the former Polish territory east of the Curzon Line ("Kresy"), which had been annexed by the Soviet Union in 1939.

In West Germany, Brandt was heavily criticised by the conservative CDU/CSU opposition, who marked his policy as a betrayal of national interests. At the time the treaty was signed, West German commentators sought to maintain that this could not be a final settlement of the Polish border issue,^[1] because Article IV of this treaty stated that previous treaties like the Potsdam Agreement were not superseded by this latest agreement; so it might be argued that the provisions of this treaty could be changed by a final peace treaty between Germany and the Allies of World War II—as provided for in the Potsdam Agreement.^[1]

The Treaty of Warsaw was an important element of the Ostpolitik, put forward by Chancellor Brandt and supported by his ruling Social Democratic Party of Germany. In the aftermath of the 1990 Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, the Oder-Neisse line was reaffirmed without any reservation with the German-Polish Border Treaty, signed on 14 November 1990 by re-united Germany and Poland.

References

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^ ^a ^b Johnson, Edward Elwyn. International law aspects of the German refunification alternative answers to the German question Archived 2007-10-09 at the Wayback Machine. Page 18 and footnote 35 that cites Ludwig Gelberg, The Warsaw Treaty of 1970 and the Western Boundary of Poland, at 125–127; Jochen Abr. Frowein, The Reunification of Germany, 86 Am. J. Int'l L. 152, 156 (1992), at 156.

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Treaty of Warsaw of 1970

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