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Timeline of early independent Vietnam

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ngô dynasty ruling Tĩnh Hải circuit in 938

This is a timeline of Early Independent Vietnam, covering the period of Vietnamese history from the rise of the Tĩnh Hải circuit ruled by the Khúc clan (r. 905–923/930) to the kingdom of Đại Cồ Việt ruled by the Early Lê dynasty (980–1009).

10th century

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Year Date Event
906 Khúc Thừa Dụ of the Khúc clan takes control of Annan as jiedushi governor of Tĩnh Hải circuit and establishes tributary relations with Later Liang[1]
907 Khúc Thừa Dụ's son, Khúc Hạo succeed the title jiedushi and is recognized by Zhu Quanzhong[2]
908 Khúc Hạo dies and is succeeded by his son, Khúc Thừa Mỹ[3]
911 Khúc Hạo's son, Khúc Thừa Mỹ brings to Later Liang dynasty's court 500 Vietnamese bananas, seafoods, jades, gold and silver objects as tributes[4]
930 Southern Han invades Annam and removes the Khúc clan from power; Khúc Thừa Mỹ lives out the rest of his days at the Southern Han court[5]
931 Dương Đình Nghệ expels Southern Han from Đại La and declares himself governor[5]
937 Dương Đình Nghệ is murdered by his subject, Kiều Công Tiễn, and Kiều Công Tiễn calls Southern Han for military assistance[6]
938 December Battle of Bạch Đằng: Southern Han's fleet led by Liu Hongcao to subdue Annam is defeated on Bạch Đằng River by Vietnamese general Ngô Quyền[6]
939 1 February Ngô Quyền establishes his monarchy at Cổ Loa Citadel, known in Vietnamese history texts as the Ngô dynasty[6]
944 14 February Ngô Quyền dies; his son Ngô Xương Ngập is ousted by Dương Tam Kha, who seizes the throne for himself[7]
950 Dương Tam Kha is deposed by Ngô Xương Văn, who shares power with his brother Ngô Xương Ngập in a two-headed monarchy[7]
954 Ngô Xương Ngập dies, after which Ngô Xương Văn declares himself a vassal of Southern Han[7]
965 Ngô Xương Văn dies in battle against the rebellion of Đường Nguyễn; his son Ngô Xương Xí succeeds him but fails to retain control over the realm, resulting in the Anarchy of the 12 Warlords[7]
968 Duke Đinh Bộ Lĩnh reunites the country under the Đinh dynasty and ends the Anarchy of the 12 Warlords[7]
972 Đại Cồ Việt's independence is recognized by Song dynasty, establishing the nominate tributary relation[8]
979 October Đinh Bộ Lĩnh is assassinated by a eunuch and his infant son Đinh Phế Đế succeeds him; Dương Vân Nga becomes regent, however under the pressure of an impending Song dynasty invasion, she threw her support behind the commander-in-chief Lê Hoàn[7]
981 Battle of Bạch Đằng (981): Song dynasty invades Đại Cồ Việt with initial success but is ambushed and the campaign ends with Lê Hoàn accepting Song suzerainty[9]
982 Champa detains envoys from Đại Cồ Việt, resulting in an invasion by Lê Hoàn, and the death of the Cham king Paramesvaravarman I and the plundering of its capital, Vijaya[10]
986 A Vietnamese merchant in Indrapura named Lưu Kỳ Tông (Lieou Ki-Tsong) takes the throne of Cham king Indravarman IV[11]
990 Song dynasty sends emissary to Hoa Lư[8]
995 Summer Vietnamese troops and warships attacked Chinese border towns[8]
997 Song Emperor gives Lê Hoàn the second title King of Nanping (南平王) in addition with King of Giao Chỉ (交趾郡王)[8]

11th century

[edit]
Year Date Event
1005 Lê Hoàn dies, causing a succession dispute that saw Lê Trung Tông killed after ruling for only 3 days; Lê Long Đĩnh succeeds him as new ruler of the Vietnamese[12]
1006 Lê Long Đĩnh receives hundred of Mahayana Buddhist sutras, Taoist books, Classic literature from Song dynasty and translate into Vietnamese[13]
1007 Lê Long Đĩnh sends tributes to Song dynasty, and receives back clothes, sutras, buckle belts[8]
1009 Lê Long Đĩnh dies from hemorrhoids; military leader Lý Công Uẩn replaces the Lê dynasty and establishes the Lý dynasty[14]
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Citations

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References

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  • Juzheng, Xue (1995), Old History of the Five Dynasties, Zhonghua Book Company, ISBN 7101003214
  • Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill
  • Taylor, Jay (1983), The Birth of the Vietnamese, University of California Press
  • Taylor, K.W. (2013), A History of the Vietnamese, Cambridge University Press
  • Twitchett, Denis (2008), The Cambridge History of China 1, Cambridge University Press
  • Walker, Hugh Dyson (2012), East Asia: A New History, AuthorHouse
  • Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 978-0810860537