Help:Infobox

This help page is a how-to guide. It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of Wikipedia's policies or guidelines, and may reflect varying levels of consensus.

Shortcut H:IB

An infobox is a fixed-format table usually added to the top right-hand corner of articles to consistently present a summary of some unifying aspect that the articles share and sometimes to improve navigation to other interrelated articles. Many infoboxes also emit structured metadata which is sourced by DBpedia and other third party re-users. The generalized infobox feature grew out of the original taxoboxes (taxonomy infoboxes) that editors developed to visually express the scientific classification of organisms.

The use of infoboxes is neither required nor prohibited for any article. Whether to include an infobox, which infobox to include, and which parts of the infobox to use, is determined through discussion and consensus among the editors at each individual article.

Infobox templates contain important facts and statistics of a type which are common to related articles. For instance, all animals have a scientific classification (species, family and so on), as well as a conservation status. Adding a {{taxobox}} to articles on animals therefore makes it easier to quickly find such information and to compare it with that of other articles.

Infobox templates are like fact sheets, or sidebars, in magazine articles. They quickly summarize important points in an easy-to-read format. However, they are not "statistics" tables in that they (generally) only summarize material from an article—the information should still be present in the main text, partly because it may not be possible for some readers to access the contents of the infobox. In particular, if infobox templates hide long columns of data inside collapsing tables, then readers using assistive technology may miss their presence entirely.

Many infoboxes also emit metadata such as microformats (see WP:WikiProject Microformats).

In general, data in infobox templates should be:

• Comparable. If a lot of different subjects all share a common attribute (for instance, all people have a name and a date of birth), then it is useful to be able to compare these across different pages. This also implies that where possible, material should be presented in a standard format.
• Concise. Infobox templates are "at-a-glance", and used for quickly checking facts.
• Materially relevant to the subject.
• Already cited elsewhere in the article. Infoboxes, like the introduction to the article, should primarily contain material that is expanded on and supported by citations to reliable sources elsewhere in the article. However, if necessary (e.g., because the article is currently incomplete), it is possible to include footnotes in infoboxes.

In general, data in infobox templates should not have:

• Excessive length. Long bodies of text, or very detailed statistics, belong in the article body.
• Trivial details. A common problem is including material in the infobox which is trivial and would not otherwise be included in the article body: for example, a fictional character's blood type may be referenced in passing in a work, but it is not especially useful to understanding the subject. Infobox templates should not be used for details that are too trivial to include in the article body (there are some exceptions, such as chemical properties).
• Flags. Flag icons should generally not be used in infoboxes, even when there is a "country", "nationality" or equivalent field: they are unnecessarily distracting and give undue prominence to one field among many.

There are two steps required to add an infobox to an article:

1. Finding the infobox
2. Editing the article

In order to use an infobox in an article, an editor must know its name, parameters, and how those parameters are intended to be used. Because infoboxes are kept in a namespace separate from articles, it takes some effort to identify an infobox by name. Once the editor has the name, however, it is straightforward to look up the infobox's documentation.

There are two ways in which an editor typically locates which infobox they want to use:

• By browsing the set of all infoboxes via Wikipedia:List of infoboxes.
• By determining the name of a particular infobox used in a similar article.

For example, the article D-Terminal contains an infobox. To determine which one, simply edit the article:

{{Infobox connector
...
}}

The "{{Infobox connector" identifies the markup between the enclosing braces as a use of the "connector" infobox. The editor can look up the documentation for the template, including a list of parameters, in the Template namespace under Template:Infobox connector.

In accordance with Wikipedia's Manual of Style, infoboxes should be placed at the top of an article after any disambiguation links and maintenance tags.

The infobox documentation page usually contains a convenient "blank" template that can be copied directly into the target article. The template consists of opening ({{) and closing (}}) double braces that contain the name of the infobox and a list of parameters without values. An editor then fills in the value for each of the parameters to the right of the corresponding equals sign.

For example:

{{Infobox person
| name               = 
| image              = 
| caption            = 
...
| website            = 
}}

might be filled out like this:

{{Infobox person
| name               = Casanova
| image              = Casanova self portrait.jpg
| caption            = A self-portrait of Casanova
...
| website            = 
}}

In this example, the names of the parameters ("name", "image", "caption", "website") are fixed in the design of the infobox and described in its documentation. A parameter that is misspelled, falsely capitalized, or is not supported by the infobox implementation does not display at all. To find out exactly which parameters are functional, look at the infobox's template page. Anything not listed there will be ignored, even if it works in some other infobox. If you believe that another parameter needs to be added to a given infobox template, then suggest that on the infobox's talk page.

The infobox documentation describes which parameters are required and which are optional. Required parameters display between triple braces (for example, {{{requiredparametername}}}) when previewed or published. Optional parameters may be left empty or omitted entirely.

If you added an infobox and it didn't display correctly, here are the common errors:

• You used a made-up or invalid parameter. You can only use parameters that have been pre-programmed into this infobox template.
• You misspelled the parameter name or omitted necessary punctuation (e.g., leaving out the underscore in birth_place).
• You capitalized the parameter name. Parameters are case sensitive. Nearly all infoboxes use lowercase parameter labels.
• You included the prefix File: before the image name (or you didn't, and it's one of the templates that requires it).
• You used the parameter name more than once: only the final instance displays.

Images are generally specified using the image and caption parameters. However, the template may use a different name for this parameter. For example, {{Infobox album}} uses "Cover" instead of "image" and "Caption" instead of "caption".

The image parameter sometimes requires the Wikipedia:Extended image syntax; other times it requires only the image file name depending on the tastes of the editor who created the infobox. An editor can determine this either by experimenting (using the "preview" function) or by consulting the infobox template documentation.

Many images in infoboxes should have a special text alternative for people who cannot see the image.

If an article requires two or more infoboxes it is often possible to combine them into one, by including the others as a module (or child-, or sub-template) of the first. Alternately, it can be useful to use {{stack}} as a container for them to prevent layout problems with other images and floating elements in the article.

It is a good idea to seek the opinions of other editors before embarking on a design of a new infobox or redesign of an existing one. Most requirements are already met by an existing infobox and most of the remainder can be met with a tweak. Unnecessary duplication leads to clutter and article divergence. Prototype your new design in your own user space. Once prototyped, propose the infobox changes to the appropriate WikiProject and gain consensus before deploying your new design in the template namespace.

Requests to delete an infobox should be brought to the attention of Wikipedia:Templates for discussion and any WikiProjects associated with the infobox. The WikiProject associated with the subject can usually be found at the top of the talk page of the article. A template may be merged with another rather than deleted outright.

Users can have user CSS that hides any infoboxes in their own browsers.

To hide all infoboxes, add the following to Special:MyPage/common.css (for all skins, or Special:MyPage/skin.css for just the current skin), on a line by itself:

div.mw-parser-output .infobox { display: none; }

Alternatively, you can add the following code to your common.js or into a browser user script that is executed by an extension like Greasemonkey:

$('.infobox').hide();

Be aware that although, per WP:Manual of Style/Infoboxes, all information in an infobox ideally should also be found in the main body of an article, there isn't perfect compliance with this guideline. For example, the full taxonomic hierarchy in {{Taxobox}}, and the OMIM and other medical database codes of {{Infobox disease}} are often not found in the main article content. The infobox is also often the location of the most significant, even only, image in an article. There is a userscript which removes infoboxes but moves the images contained to separate thumbnails: User:Maddy from Celeste/disinfobox.js.

This page is referenced in the Wikipedia Glossary.

• Wikipedia:How to read a color infobox
• Wikipedia:How to read a taxobox
• Wikipedia:Help desk – to ask questions about using infoboxes in articles if you weren't able to find the information you need on this help page.
• Wikipedia:Disinfoboxes – an essay expressing a particular viewpoint
• Infobox § Wikipedia