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Klasky Csupo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Klasky-Csupo, Inc.
FormerlyKlasky & Csupo (legal name until 1991)
Company typePrivate
IndustryAnimation
Founded1982; 42 years ago (1982) (original)
2012; 12 years ago (2012) (current)
Founders
Defunct2008; 16 years ago (2008) (original)
FateDormancy (original)
Headquarters
1238 North Highland Avenue
Los Angeles, California
90038[1]
Key people
  • Terry Thoren (CEO, 1994–2006)
  • Tracy Kramer
  • Norton Virgien
  • Brandon Scott (vice president)
Products
OwnersArlene Klasky
Gábor Csupó
Websitewww.klaskycsupo.com

Klasky-Csupo, Inc. (/klæski ˈp/ KLAS-kee CHOO-poh) is an American animation studio located in Los Angeles, California.[2] It was founded in 1982 by producer Arlene Klasky and her then-husband, Hungarian animator Gábor Csupó[3] (hence the company's name) in a spare room of their apartment and grew to 550 artists, creative workers and staff in an animation facility in Hollywood.

During the 1990s and 2000s, they produced and animated era-defining shows for the children's network, Nickelodeon, such as Rugrats (which was one of the channel's original animated series, known as Nicktoons), Aaahh!!! Real Monsters, The Wild Thornberrys, Rocket Power, As Told by Ginger, All Grown Up!, and the U.S. dub of Poppy Cat. They also animated the first three seasons of The Simpsons for 20th Century Fox Television and Gracie Films, as well as Duckman on USA Network. In 2008, Nickelodeon ended their long-running partnership with Klasky Csupo and its shows ceased production, resulting in the company becoming discontinued for four years. In 2012, the company reopened. In 2018, it began production on a CGI-animated reboot of Rugrats, which premiered in 2021 on Paramount+, the streaming service of Nickelodeon and its parent company Paramount Global.

History

[edit]

Early years (1982–1991)

[edit]

Klasky-Csupo, Inc., got its start in 1982.[4] It was founded in the spare bedroom of a Hollywood apartment where Arlene Klasky and Gábor Csupó were living during their marriage. 1 year later, Klasky-Csupo expanded and moved to a new location at 729 Seward Street,[5][6][7] (Bob Clampett's studio) opening its first facility in Hollywood.

Klasky Csupo was initially distinguished by its work on logo designs, commercials, feature film trailers, TV show titles, promos and ident spots for a wide variety of clients, in the process earning a reputation as the industry's most imaginative and innovative studio. Building on its success, the studio left Seward Street to open its second facility in Hollywood in 1988 at the corner of Fountain and Highland Avenues. The studio soon grew to include six buildings that have become well known in Hollywood—in true Klasky Csupo style, the exterior walls of the buildings are decorated with large murals of its characters.

The studio's first big break came in 1987 when James L. Brooks of Gracie Films commissioned the studio to produce the title sequence for a comedy series titled The Tracey Ullman Show. In addition to the main title, Klasky Csupo was given the opportunity to produce and animate a new series of one-minute cartoons which featured a family called the Simpsons, created by Matt Groening. Klasky Csupo produced and animated all 48 shorts, and when it became one of the most popular segments on the show, Fox began airing a weekly half-hour series entitled The Simpsons. Klasky Csupo oversaw and animated every episode of the first three seasons of the series, resulting in the studio sharing the 1989–1990 and 1990–1991 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program, with Gracie Films.

In addition, Klasky Csupo produced the hit video "Do the Bartman". Klasky Csupo animator and colorist "Georgie" Gyorgyi Kovacs Peluce (Kovács Györgyike)[8][9][10][11][12][13] conceived the idea of The Simpsons characters having yellow skin, and Marge Simpson having blue hair, opting for something which "didn't look like anything that had come before."[14][15][16] Klasky Csupo was also responsible for an error during the episode "Homer's Odyssey", in which Waylon Smithers was colorized as black with blue hair.[17]

In 1992, Gracie Films switched domestic production of The Simpsons to Film Roman, which continued until 2016.[18] Csupó was "asked [by Gracie Films] if they could bring in their own producer [to oversee the animation production]," but declined, stating "they wanted to tell me how to run my business."[18] Sharon Bernstein of The Los Angeles Times wrote that "Gracie executives had been unhappy with the producer Csupo had assigned to The Simpsons and said the company also hoped to obtain better wages and working conditions for animators at Film Roman."[18] Of the 110 people he employed to animate The Simpsons, Csupó laid off 75.[18]

Success with animated series (1991–2005)

[edit]

In 1991, Klasky Csupo created Rugrats, one of the first animated shows for Nickelodeon - known as "Nicktoons" - which was inspired by the couple's two sons and the idea of what they would do if they could speak.[19][20] Their next major series was Duckman for the USA Network, which revolved around the home life and adventures of a dim-witted and lascivious private detective duck named Eric Duckman. The series ran from 1994 to 1997. During the same time, Nickelodeon released Klasky Csupo's second Nicktoon series, Aaahh!!! Real Monsters. During this time, Klasky Csupo originally ended production on Rugrats due to the network's since-outdated 65-episode rule.[21] However, when Rugrats went into syndication, it exploded in popularity with ratings skyrocketing and advertising deals taking off, prompting Nickelodeon and Klasky Csupo to resume production on the series. The show was cited as "a show like the Simpsons, but for children".

In 1993, Klasky Csupo worked with comedian Lily Tomlin and her partner Jane Wagner to bring the irascible little girl, Edith Ann, to television in two half-hour animated specials for ABC. The first, A Few Pieces of the Puzzle, aired in January 1994 and received critical acclaim, and the second, Homeless Go Home, aired in May 1994 to even better response and ratings.

In 1995, the studio debuted Santo Bugito, the first Saturday morning animated comedy on television. Created by Arlene Klasky and Gabor Csupo for CBS, Santo Bugito tells the story of a small town of 64 million insects located on the border of Texas and Mexico. Music-driven and Latin-influenced, the series stars Cheech Marin, Joan Van Ark, Tony Plana, William Sanderson, George Kennedy, Marabina Jaimes, and David Paymer, and is highlighted by a distinctive look and the music of Mark Mothersbaugh, the Devo keyboardist who also composed the music of Rugrats.

The same year, Klasky Csupo established Klasky Csupo Commercials (rebranded as Class-Key Chew-Po Commercials in 1998), helmed by John Andrews, in order to continue the successful commercial animation business that had grown from the company's initial work in main titles and graphics. Class-Key Chew-Po had been an immediate success, building an impressive client list with work for companies like 1-800-COLLECT, Oscar Mayer, Taco Bell, Kraft, and Nickelodeon. In 2001, the company founded Ka-Chew!, a live-action commercial division.

The company was also active in producing recorded music with the record labels Tone Casualties and Casual Tonalities. Gabor Csupo was a good friend of Frank Zappa and occasionally collaborates with Mark Mothersbaugh. After Duckman and Aaahh!!! Real Monsters' were both cancelled in 1997, Klasky Csupo began producing The Wild Thornberrys for Nickelodeon, which premiered the following year; the story revolved around a girl named Eliza Thornberry who could talk to animals.[22][23]

In 1998, Klasky Csupo produced its first feature-length film, The Rugrats Movie, which opened in the United States on November 20, 1998 as the #1 film in the country and grossed $141 million worldwide, becoming the first non-Disney animated film to gross over $100 million in the United States. It was then followed by two sequels, Rugrats in Paris: The Movie (2000) and Rugrats Go Wild (2003), the latter of which was a crossover with The Wild Thornberrys. The Wild Thornberrys later got its own feature-length film in 2002.

That same year, Klasky Csupo was commissioned by McDonald's to develop The Wacky Adventures of Ronald McDonald, a series of six animated videos featuring the company's mascot, Ronald McDonald, which were distributed directly to consumers via participating McDonald's restaurants on VHS. On December 23, 1998, CEO Terry Thoren concluded an eleven-month negotiation with the car industry Mercedes-Benz and moved the company into the state-of-the-art studio in Los Angeles.[24]

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Klasky Csupo began producing two more shows for Nickelodeon: Rocket Power and As Told by Ginger. They also produced the first series of Stressed Eric, BBC Two's first adult-oriented animated series.

In 2001, in honor of the tenth anniversary of Rugrats, Klasky Csupo released a two-part television special entitled All Growed Up, which featured all of the titular babies as teens.[25] It was popular enough that Nick commissioned a series based on that special, titled All Grown Up!, which ran on the channel from 2003 to 2008. On September 29, 2001, Class-Key Chew-Po signed animation director Chris Prynoski and his company Titmouse, Inc. for commercial representation.

In 2003, Klasky Csupo and Titmouse, Inc. were commissioned by Cartoon Network to produce a music video by the band They Might Be Giants for their song "Dee Dee and Dexter", which features characters from Dexter's Laboratory drawn by the studio in anime style. Class-Key Chew-Po Animated Commercials and Broadcast Design were then folded into Ka-Chew! the following year.

Also in 2003, the studio began work on The Way the Dead Love, a theatrical film that was set to adapt seven short stories from German-American writer Charles Bukowski from a script penned by Bruce Wagner.[26] The film was developed under the studio's Global Tantrum division, with Winchester Films being tapped to co-produce the film with the studio, as well as providing sales for the film.[26] It was to be directed by Igor Kovalyov and Laslo Nosek, with names like Radiohead and Peter Gabriel being attached to compose the feature. Slated for a 2006 release,[27] the year came and went without it. The project was then revived that same year at Warner Independent Pictures,[28] with Johnny Depp being attached to co-produce and serve as the voice of the film's main character.[29] Once again, the project was silently scrapped. Had it been completed, the film would have been the first R-rated feature from the studio.[27]

In 2005, the company again worked for Cartoon Network on the shorts Oogloo + Anju, Food Court Diaries, and The Topside Rag for Sunday Pants under Ka-Chew!.

Decline and closure (2006–2011)

[edit]

In the mid-2000s, Klasky Csupo ceased production on their Nickelodeon shows and their long-running partnership soon ended. In 2006, the longtime CEO of the company, Terry Thoren, left the studio and they dissolved the remainder of their 401(k) program, leading them to a period of dormancy and inactivity.

In fall 2006, Klasky Csupo announced the development of 28 new animated cartoon pilots that were to be up for sale at a later date.[30] Each pilot was animated in different designs, instead of the typical style the studio was famous for. As of 2010, some of the cartoons had yet to be finished.[needs update?] Gabor Csupo would later post the remains of the cartoons on his YouTube channel. One of the pilots, Chicken Town, was picked up as a series by French company Ellipsanime, though Klasky Csupo was not involved with it.[31]

In 2007, Paul Demeyer left Klasky Csupo to found Wild Canary, taking some of Ka-Chew!'s clients with him. In 2008, Ka-Chew! celebrated its 10th anniversary by expanding its roster of directors,[32] before being absorbed into 6 Point Media in April 2011.[33] In the same year, the studio released its final film to date, Immigrants, which was originally produced as an unaired animated series for Spike TV.

Return of the company with new projects (2012–present)

[edit]

In 2012, Arlene Klasky and Gabor Csupo reopened the company after nearly four years of dormancy. Along with Craig Singer, the studio created its first new project in four years, Ollie Mongo, a digital comic book about a teenage skateboarding zombie who lives 200 years in the future.[34] In 2015, the company announced that they were working on RoboSplaat!, a web series featuring the character with a robotic voice from their 1998 on-screen logo, given the name "Splaat" (currently voiced by Greg Cipes). The logo featuring him was retired in 2008, but was revived in 2021 along with the premiere of the Rugrats revival; the logo continues to appear on productions from the company. The web series premiered on December 21, 2016[35] and an app based on the web series is also currently in development.[36] That same year, Klasky Csupo also announced that they were working on some "top secret projects".[37]

On September 2, 2015, it was announced that Nickelodeon may "seek to experiment with retooled versions of classics" that could include Rugrats.[38] The following day, The Independent announced that Rugrats "could soon be back on our screens too".[39] At San Diego Comic-Con in 2016, Arlene Klasky explained that she would be willing to work on a revival of the series along with co-creators Gábor Csupó and Paul Germain.[40]

On July 16, 2018, Nickelodeon announced a revival/reboot of Rugrats consisting of a 26-episode order. Arlene Klasky and Gábor Csupó would return as executive producers for the revived series.[41] Using CGI animation rather than traditional hand-drawn animation used in the original series, the new Rugrats premiered on Paramount+, the streaming service for Nickelodeon parent Paramount Global, on May 27, 2021.[42]

In April 2022, Gabor Csupo launched an NFT project titled Cosa Monstra.[43]

RoboSplaat!

[edit]

RoboSplaat! is an American animated web series created by Arlene Klasky for YouTube. The series is about Splaat, an ink splat, who is voiced by Greg Cipes, who also voiced Beast Boy from Teen Titans and Teen Titans Go!.

RoboSplaat! characters

[edit]

Splaat

[edit]
  • Splaat (voiced by Greg Cipes) is the main character in the series. He is a purple ink splat with two weird yellow rectangles, the upper has blue eyes, while the lower has a mouth with red lips. He wears black long sleeves and red and white sneakers, each with a white shoelace tied. He also appeared in the Klasky Csupo logo, albeit with no limbs, a more realistic look, a robotic voice, and his ink splat is black on a blue background. Prior to 2012, he was commonly referred to as a robot, before it was revealed that he is a "splaat".

Splaat's family

[edit]
  • Digital (voiced by Debi Derryberry) is Splaat's 12-year-old/younger brother. Unlike Splaat, the rectangles are red instead of yellow, his lips are blue instead of red, and wears a black short-sleeved shirt with a white sound shape and grey and white shoes, each with a black shoelace tied.
  • Sergei (voiced by Cooper Barnes) is the father of Splaat and Digital and the husband of Blossom. He is an ink bottle with sea-green eyes and pink lips. He wears purplish black armless sleeves and black shoes.
  • Blossom (voiced by Candi Milo) is the mother of Splaat and Digital, the wife of Sergei, and the only female and legless member of Splaat's family. She is a pair of blue scissors with blue eyes and a weird yellow rectangle that has a mouth with red lips. She wears an orange skirt and gloves.
  • Grandpa (voiced by Richard Tanner) is the grandfather of Splaat and Digital and the father of Sergei. He is a grey ink splat with blue eyes and black eyebrows and wears green glasses, a black suit with a green shirt and a purple necktie, and brown shoes.

Filmography

[edit]

Television series

[edit]
Show Creator(s) Network(s) Year(s) Co-production(s) Notes
The Simpsons Matt Groening Fox 1989–1992 Gracie Films
20th Television Animation
Seasons 14 only
Rugrats (1991) Arlene Klasky
Gábor Csupó
Paul Germain
Nickelodeon/Nick Jr. 1991–2006 Nickelodeon Animation Studio
Duckman Everett Peck USA Network 1994–1997 Reno & Osborn Productions
Paramount Television
Based on the comics of the same name
Aaahh!!! Real Monsters Gábor Csupó
Peter Gaffney
Nickelodeon Nickelodeon Animation Studio
Santo Bugito Arlene Klasky
Gábor Csupó
CBS 1995–1996
The Wild Thornberrys Arlene Klasky
Gábor Csupó
Steve Pepoon
David Silverman
Stephen Sustarsic
Nickelodeon 1998–2004 Nickelodeon Animation Studio
Stressed Eric Carl Gorham BBC 2 (UK)
NBC (USA, season 1)
1998 Absolutely Productions
BBC Worldwide
Season 1 only
Rocket Power Arlene Klasky
Gábor Csupó
Nickelodeon 1999–2004 Nickelodeon Animation Studio
As Told by Ginger Emily Kapnek 2000–2006
All Grown Up! Arlene Klasky
Gábor Csupó
Paul Germain
2003–2008 Spin-off of 1991's Rugrats
Rugrats Pre-School Daze 2005 (UK)
2008 (US)
Rugrats (2021) Arlene Klasky
Gábor Csupó
Paul Germain
Paramount+/Nickelodeon (2021–2023)
Nicktoons (2024–present)
2021–present Nickelodeon Animation Studio Reboot of the original 1991 series

Web series

[edit]
Title Year(s) Notes
RoboSplaat! 2016
2020–present
Created by Arlene Klasky
Company's first web series
Dear Splaat 2016 Created by Arlene Klasky
Spin-off web series of RoboSplaat!

Films

[edit]
Title Year Directors Notes Co-Production Box Office
The Rugrats Movie 1998 Igor Kovalyov and Norton Virgien First film made by the studio
First animated feature to ever cross the $100 million box office barrier outside of Disney
Nickelodeon Movies & Paramount Pictures $140.9 million[44]
Rugrats in Paris: The Movie 2000 Stig Bergqvist and Paul Demeyer $103.3 million[45]
The Wild Thornberrys Movie 2002 Cathy Malkasian and Jeff McGrath Nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Father and Daughter" by Paul Simon $60.7 million[46]
Rugrats Go Wild 2003 John Eng and Norton Virgien Crossover with Rugrats & The Wild Thornberrys $55.4 million[47]
Immigrants 2008 Gábor Csupó Final film to date Hungaricom $0.1 million[48]

Pilots

[edit]
Pilot Creator(s) Year(s) Co-production(s) Notes
Kevin's Kitchen Arlene Klasky 1995
Hogsters Arlene Klasky
Gábor Csupó
1998
The Carmichaels Arlene Klasky
Gábor Csupó
1999 Nickelodeon Animation Studio Planned spin-off of Rugrats. Later remade as A Rugrats Kwanzaa special.
Psyko Ferret Atul Rao
Kim Saltarski
Greg van Riel
Karen Krenis
Brian Strause
Emily Kapnek
Paul Greenberg
2001
Citizen Tony Gábor Csupó 2003 Global Tantrum
The New TNN
Stinky Pierre Everett Peck
Bench Pressly Sean Abley
John Eng
Ahmet Zappa
2004 Global Tantrum
Spike TV
What's Cooking? Arlene Klasky Nickelodeon Animation Studio
You Animal Bruce Wagner Global Tantrum
Spike TV
Chicken Town Niko Meulemans 2005 Nickelodeon Animation Studio CGI
Commander Bunsworth Aglaia Mortcheva
Junkyard Teddies Arlene Klasky CGI
Rollin' Rock Starz Gábor Csupó
SCHMUTZ James Proimos & David Hale
Wiener Squad Niko Meulemans CGI
Zeek & Leo
Sugarless Erin Ehrlich The N
Twinkle Dora Nagy Nick Jr. Productions Planned first preschool animated series produced by the company
Big Babies Arlene Klasky 2006 Nickelodeon Animation Studio
Eggheads
Ricky Z
Ace Bogart: Space Ape Neal Sopata
Grampa and Julie: Shark Hunters Jef Czekaj
Little Freaks Erin Ehrlich
Ronnie Biddles John Matta
Ken Daly
My Stupid Cat Everett Peck

Other projects

[edit]
Title Year(s) Notes Client
The Tracey Ullman Show 1987–1989 animated sequences Gracie Films
20th Century Fox Television
21 Jump Street 1987 main title Stephen J. Cannell Productions
Eddie Murphy Raw trailer Paramount Pictures
Elvira, Mistress of the Dark 1988 title sequence NBC Productions
Mortuary Academy Landmark Films
Technological Threat test camera Kroyer Films
Brotherhood of the Rose 1989 title sequence NBC Productions
Stereotypes composite animation photography Laurien Productions
Soviet Peace Committee
Anything but Love main titles 20th Century Fox Television
Quantum Leap Universal Television
Booker Stephen J. Cannell Productions
Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers title sequence Trancas International
"Shadrach" music video Beastie Boys
Shocker title sequence Universal Pictures
Sesame Street 1990–1991 six shorts plus Monster in the Mirror Children's Television Workshop
In Living Color 1990–1993 main titles 20th Television
Northern Exposure 1990 "Aurora Borealis: A Fairy Tale for Big People" (Aurora Borealis effect) Universal Television
HBO Storybook Musicals "Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day" HBO
"I Feel So Good" 1991 music video Richard Thompson
Roc main titles HBO Independent Productions
Man Trouble 1992 title sequence 20th Century Fox
Mo' Money Columbia Pictures
Great Scott! main titles Castle Rock Entertainment
Recycle Rex Designed and created by David Cutler Disney Educational Productions
"Whatzupwitu" 1993 music video Eddie Murphy
Edith Ann: A Few Pieces of the Puzzle (television special) Created by Lilly Tomlin ABC
Edith Ann: Homeless Go Home (television special) 1994
Magic Theatre game design and animation Instinct Corporation
Knowledge Adventure
Bird in the Window 1996 short film
Clueless 1996–1999 main titles Paramount Television
Kelly Kelly 1998 Warner Bros. Television
The Wacky Adventures of Ronald McDonald 1998–2003 Direct-to-video series McDonald's
Snowden's Raggedy Ann & Andy Holiday Show 1998 animation Target
What's Inside Heidi's Head? 1999 Created by Nancye Ferguson and Mark Mothersbaugh
Company's first live-action series.
Noggin
"Don't Rush Me" 2000 music video Juliana Hatfield
Flying Nansen short film
Disney's One Saturday Morning opening and bumpers Walt Disney Television
The Wayne Brady Show 2001 main titles Buena Vista Television
The Ellen Show CBS Productions
The Anna Nicole Show 2002 E!
The Osbournes MTV
Girls Behaving Badly Oxygen
Punk'd 2003, 2006 MTV
Cartoon Network Groovies 2003 "Dee Dee and Dexter" (with Titmouse, Inc.) Cartoon Network
The Ashlee Simpson Show 2004 main titles MTV
"Dirty Little Thing" music video (with Titmouse, Inc.) Velvet Revolver
The Princes of Malibu 2005 main titles GRB Entertainment
Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List Bravo
Sunday Pants Oogloo + Anju, Food Court Diaries, and The Topside Rag Cartoon Network
Passions animated scenes[49] NBC Universal Television Studio
PBS Kids Big Big Friend Day interstitial animation PBS Kids
The Daly Planet 2006 main titles Golf Channel
This Film Is Not Yet Rated title sequence and animation BBC Films
The Simple Life 2006–2007 main titles 20th Century Fox Television
Bridge to Terabithia 2007 creature designs Walden Media
Nip/Tuck main titles and "Damien Sands" animated scene Warner Bros. Television
Los Campeones de la Lucha Libre 2008 recording studio FWAK! Animation
Noodle and Doodle 2010 Doggity's PBS Kids Sprout
The LeBrons 2011 sound recording (season 1) Believe Entertainment Group
Spring Hill Productions
Ollie Mongo: Adventures in the Apocalypse 2012 Created by Arlene Klasky and Craig Singer.
Company's first print-related series/comic book.
Guardians of Oz 2015 recording studio Ánima Estudios
Top Cat Begins
Legend Quest 2017
Monster Island

Commercials

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Berton, Brad (1999-02-02). "Hollywood About to See a Lot More of 'The Rugrats'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
  2. ^ "Klasky Csupo Inc. [permanent dead link]" BNET. Retrieved on April 9, 2010.
  3. ^ Eller, Claudia (2000-11-17). "Rugrats Duo Draws on Shared Vision". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
  4. ^ "House of toon style". Variety. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
  5. ^ "729 seward street, hollywood, california" (PDF). HQ Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 17, 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  6. ^ Liu, Ed (7 January 2008). "Bob Clampett Studio Building For Sale". Anime Superhero News. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  7. ^ Beck, Jerry (7 January 2008). "Wanna buy Bob Clampett's studio?". Cartoon Brew. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  8. ^ Barker, Jennifer Lynde (November 18, 2021). "Notebook Primer: Hungarian Animation, 1915–1989". MUBI. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  9. ^ "Robert Vincent Peluce Obituary (2004)". Legacy.com. Los Angeles, CA. Los Angeles Times. April 16, 2004. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  10. ^ Ortved, John (12 October 2010). The Simpsons: An Uncensored, Unauthorized History. Macmillan Publishers. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-86547-939-5.
  11. ^ Sigall, Martha (2005). Living Life Inside the Lines: Tales from the Golden Age of Animation. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-57806-749-7.
  12. ^ "Gyorgyi Peluce". The Internet Animation Database. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  13. ^ Ortved, John. "The Simpson Family Made Its Television Debut 30 Years Ago". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  14. ^ Ortved, John (2009). Simpsons Confidential: The uncensored, totally unauthorised history of the world's greatest TV show by the people that made it (UK ed.). Ebury Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-0-09-192729-5.
  15. ^ Cagle, Daryl. "The David Silverman Interview". MSNBC. Archived from the original on 2008-06-07. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  16. ^ Sheff, David (June 2007). "Matt Groening". Playboy. 54 (6). Archived from the original on 2007-10-13.
  17. ^ Rhodes, Joe (2000-10-21). "Flash! 24 Simpsons Stars Reveal Themselves". TV Guide.
  18. ^ a b c d Bernstein, Sharon (1992-01-21). "'The Simpsons' Producer Changes Animation Firms". Los Angeles Times. p. 18. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
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  26. ^ a b Dawtrey, Adam (2003-05-11). "Bukowski's wild life to become toon". Variety. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  27. ^ a b Mallory, Michael (2004-07-02). "A change of 'toon". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  28. ^ "Klasky Csupo Forsakes 'Rugrats' Roots to Realize Big Screen Dreams". Los Angeles Business Journal. 2006-02-26. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  29. ^ "Johnny Depp Getting Animated About Bukowski". TMZ. 14 February 2007. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  30. ^ "Klasky Csupo News". Klaskycsupo.com. Retrieved 2008-10-13.
  31. ^ "Chicken Town" – via www.imdb.com.
  32. ^ "ka-chew! Celebrates 10 Year Anniversary with Expanded Directors Roster". Creative Planet Network. February 12, 2008.
  33. ^ Six Point Harness (April 27, 2011). "John Andrews Partners With Six Point Harness To Launch 6 Point Media" (Press release). Animation World Network. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  34. ^ "Ollie Mongo Adventures in the Apocalypse Issue 1". 15 April 2014.
  35. ^ "Splaat". www.facebook.com.
  36. ^ "Splaat". www.facebook.com.
  37. ^ "Splaat". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26.
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  41. ^ "'Rugrats' Relaunch Set With Nickelodeon Series, Paramount Movie". 16 July 2018.
  42. ^ Low, Elaine (2021-02-24). "'Rugrats' Revival With Original Voice Cast to Debut on Paramount Plus". Variety. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  43. ^ "@CosaMonstraNFT" on Twitter
  44. ^ "The Rugrats Movie (1998)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  45. ^ "Rugrats in Paris: The Movie (2000)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  46. ^ "The Wild Thornberrys (2002)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  47. ^ "Rugrats Go Wild (2003)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
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