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Caldor Fire

Coordinates: 38°35′02″N 120°32′02″W / 38.584°N 120.534°W / 38.584; -120.534
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Caldor Fire
  • Top: A stump continues to burn vigorously as the Aravipa hotshot crew works on the fireline
  • Bottom left: A firefighter monitors the control line during night-time burning operations
  • Bottom right: A ski lift near South Lake Tahoe among stands of burned trees after the fire
Date(s)
  • August 14 (14-08)
  • October 21, 2021 (2021-10-21)
  • (69 days)
Location
Coordinates38°35′02″N 120°32′02″W / 38.584°N 120.534°W / 38.584; -120.534
Statistics
Burned area221,835 acres (89,773 ha; 347 sq mi; 898 km2)
Impacts
Deaths0
Non-fatal injuries21
Evacuated>53,000
Structures destroyed1,003
Damage$1.2 billion (2021 USD) [1]
Ignition
CauseUnder investigation
Map
A map of the Caldor Fire shows it burned southwest of Lake Tahoe, primarily in the Eldorado National Forest, south of Highway 50 and north of Highway 88
The Caldor Fire's footprint spanned the Sierra Nevada, largely between Highways 50 and 88
Caldor Fire is located in Northern California
Caldor Fire
The general location of the fire in Northern California

The Caldor Fire was a large wildfire that burned 221,835 acres (89,773 hectares) in the Eldorado National Forest and other areas of the Sierra Nevada in El Dorado, Amador, and Alpine County, California, in the United States during the 2021 California wildfire season.[2] The fire was first reported on Saturday, August 14, 2021, and was fully contained on Thursday, October 21, 2021. The Caldor Fire destroyed 1,005 structures and damaged 81 more, primarily in the US Highway 50 corridor and in the community of Grizzly Flats, 2/3 of which was destroyed by the fire.[3][2][4]

On August 30, it became the second fire known to cross the Sierra Nevada mountain range, following the Dixie Fire, which crossed a few days earlier on August 18.[5] It then threatened the communities of Meyers and South Lake Tahoe, causing evacuations to be ordered for more than 20,000 people before the fire's progress was halted.[6] The Caldor Fire was the third-largest and second-most-destructive of the 2021 season in California, and is the seventeenth-largest and sixteenth-most destructive in recorded California history.

The U.S. Forest Service determined that the fire was caused by a bullet. A father and son who had called 911 to report the fire were accused of starting it by reckless use of firearms. In January 2024, a judge ruled that there was insufficient evidence to try them.

Background

[edit]

The old logging town of Caldor is located near Omo Ranch,[7] close to the origin of the fire. The town was part of the Diamond and Caldor Railway lumber route, running from Diamond Springs to Caldor.[8] Originally called "Dogtown", the abandoned settlement was renamed after the new owners, the California Door Company.[9][8]

Progression

[edit]

The Caldor Fire started on August 14, 2021, near Little Mountain, south of Pollock Pines in El Dorado County,[10] about two miles east of Omo Ranch and four miles south of Grizzly Flats.[11][12] It initially burned slowly, where little attention was given to it because of other larger fires, but exploded in size on August 16 due to high winds and high fuel loads in the area.[13] By the night of August 16 it was 6,500 acres (2,600 ha).[14] On August 17 the fire grew to 30,000 acres (12,000 ha) as it expanded rapidly north and east, crossing the North Fork Cosumnes River and approaching Sly Park Reservoir. By August 20, the fire had burned nearly to Highway 50, forcing a closure of the highway.[15]

The Caldor Fire burning south of Lake Tahoe as seen from space on the afternoon of August 30, 2021

Over the next few days, the fire crossed Highway 50 in the vicinity of Kyburz. Starting on August 27, winds drove the fire rapidly east towards the Lake Tahoe Basin, devastating the once picturesque backdrop to the historic Strawberry Lodge near the Twin Bridges area.[16] By August 30, it had reached Echo Summit, less than five miles (8.0 km) from South Lake Tahoe. While South Lake Tahoe remained at the evacuation warning stage during early morning briefings that day, the entire city of 22,000 people was ordered to evacuate at 10:59 a.m.[17] Due to the focused efforts of fire crews aggressively thinning nearby forests, reducing earlier crown fires (typically 100–150 feet (30–46 meters) flames) to surface fires (typically 15 feet (4.6 meters) flames) and developing a fire perimeter, evacuation orders were lifted about one week later.[18][19]

By October 2, the fire was at 221,775 acres and 91% containment. By that date, 782 structures were destroyed, 81 structures damaged, with 35 structures still threatened. Staffing was still at 1,589 personnel, with ten helicopters assigned to the incident.

A NASA image showing the progression of the Caldor Fire over the landscape between August 15 and October 6 in 12-hour increments

The Caldor Fire was fully contained on October 21, 2021. The area burned by the fire came to 221,835 acres (89,773 hectares).[2]

Effects

[edit]
President Joe Biden and California Governor Gavin Newsom, aboard Marine One, survey damage from the Caldor Fire on September 13, 2021.

Casualties

[edit]

According to Cal Fire, there were 21 total confirmed injuries among fire personnel and civilians.[2] In September 2021 it was reported that 18 people had been injured due to the fire, the majority of them firefighters. Two people were injured in Grizzly Flats and were airlifted to hospitals.[20][21][22]

Damage

[edit]

The Caldor Fire destroyed 1,003 structures, many of them in Grizzly Flats when the fire destroyed two-thirds of the community in the early morning of August 17.

Evacuations and closures

[edit]

On August 17, evacuations were ordered for Grizzly Flats, Somerset, Sly Park Reservoir and Pollock Pines.[23] Governor Gavin Newsom declared a state of emergency for El Dorado County over a day later after the explosive growth.[24] As of Sunday night (August 29), evacuation orders were sent out to some residents of the Tahoe Basin as well as locations in Amador County.[25] By August 30, the number of people covered by evacuation orders in El Dorado County was more than 53,000.[26]

Economic impacts

[edit]

A private consulting firm estimated the total economic impact to the Tahoe region's economy, expressed as lost visitor spending due to evacuations and poor air quality, at $268 million.[27]

Environmental impacts

[edit]

There were concerns that runoff from the Caldor Fire's burned footprint would have negative impacts on the water quality of the Lake Tahoe watershed. However, in testing conducted by the League to Save Lake Tahoe in October after the fire was fully contained, it was found that there had been relatively little impact on the turbidity of Lake Tahoe's water.[28]

Cause

[edit]

U.S. Forest Service investigators determined that the Caldor Fire was started by a bullet.[29] Based on bullet casings, earplugs, electronic device location data, and DNA evidence from the scene, on December 8, 2021, a father and son were arrested and charged with reckless arson.[30][31] Court filings stated that "the Caldor Fire likely ignited when a projectile discharged from a firearm and struck an object, causing heated fragments of the projectile to land in a dry receptive fuel bed, igniting the fuels".[32] The two men's attorney stated that they had been in Eldorado National Forest in the Omo Ranch area on the day the fire began, were not guilty of starting it, and had called 911 to report it as soon as they had cell service.[29][33] The suspects were held on $1 million bail, with a preliminary hearing scheduled for August 2023.[34] After a hearing in December 2023, an El Dorado County judge ruled that there was insufficient evidence to try them in relation to the fire, but enough to charge them with weapons violations. They have pleaded not guilty on those charges.[29]

Growth and containment status

[edit]
Fire containment status
Gray: contained; Red: active; %: percent contained;
Date Area burned
in acres (ha)
Personnel Containment
Aug 14 ... ... ...
Aug 15[35] 45 (18) 90 personnel
0%
Aug 16[36] 754 (305) 285 personnel
0%
Aug 17[37] 6,500 (2,600) 242 personnel
0%
Aug 18[38] 53,772 (21,761) 242 personnel
0%
Aug 19[39] 65,474 (26,496) 653 personnel
0%
Aug 20[40] 73,415 (29,710) 1,118 personnel
0%
Aug 21[41] 82,444 (33,364) 1,558 personnel
0%
Aug 22[42] 98,149 (39,719) 1,604 personnel
0%
Aug 23[43] 106,562 (43,124) 1,745 personnel
5%
Aug 24[44] 117,704 (47,633) 2,119 personnel
9%
Aug 25[45] 126,182 (51,064) 2,667 personnel
11%
Aug 26[46] 136,643 (55,297) 2,897 personnel
12%
Aug 27[47] 143,951 (58,255) 2,897 personnel
12%
Aug 28[48] 149,684 (60,575) 3,302 personnel
19%
Aug 29[49] 156,515 (63,339) 3,531 personnel
19%
Aug 30[50] 177,260 (71,730) 3,531 personnel
14%
Aug 31[51] 191,607 (77,541) 3,904 personnel
16%
Sep 1[52] 204,390 (82,710) 4,224 personnel
20%
Sep 2[53] 210,259 (85,089) 4,451 personnel
25%
Sep 3[54] 212,907 (86,160) 4,415 personnel
29%
Sep 4[55] 214,107 (86,646) 4,662 personnel
37%
Sep 5[56] 215,400 (87,200) 4,954 personnel
43%
Sep 6[57] 216,358 (87,557) 5,072 personnel
44%
Sep 7[58] 216,646 (87,674) 4,723 personnel
49%
Sep 8[59] 217,569 (88,047) 4,820 personnel
50%
Sep 9[60] 217,946 (88,200) 4,532 personnel
53%
Sep 10[61] 218,459 (88,407) 4,028 personnel
53%
Sep 11[62] 218,489 (88,419) 3,989 personnel
60%
Sep 12[63] 218,950 (88,610) 4,029 personnel
65%
Sep 13[64] 219,267 (88,734) 3,771 personnel
65%
Sep 14[65] 219,267 (88,734) 3,368 personnel
68%
Sep 15[66] 219,267 (88,734) 3,010 personnel
70%
Sep 16[67] 219,267 (88,734) 2,948 personnel
71%
Sep 17[68] 218,857 (88,568) 2,702 personnel
71%
Sep 18[69] 218,876 (88,576) 2,326 personnel
71%
Sep 19[70] 218,876 (88,576) 2,118 personnel
71%
Sep 20[71] 219,101 (88,667) 1,833 personnel
75%
Sep 21[72] 219,231 (88,720) 1,534 personnel
76%
Sep 22[73] 220,548 (89,253) 1,555 personnel
76%
Sep 23[74] 221,161 (89,501) 1,400 personnel
76%
Sep 24[75]| 221,505 (89,640) 1,400 personnel
76%
Sep 25[76] 221,595 (89,676) 1,503 personnel
76%
Sep 26[77] 221,774 (89,749) 1,508 personnel
76%
Sep 27[78] 221,774 (89,749) 1,490 personnel
76%
Sep 28[79] 221,774 (89,749) 1,480 personnel
76%
Sep 29 ... ... ...
Sep 30[80] 221,775 (89,749) 1,527 personnel
83%
Oct 1[81] 221,775 (89,749) 1,467 personnel
91%
Oct 2[82] 221,775 (89,749) 1,589 personnel
91%
Oct 3[83] 221,775 (89,749) 1,438 personnel
91%
Oct 4[84] 221,775 (89,749) 1,336 personnel
93%
Oct 5[85] 221,775 (89,749) 1,321 personnel
93%
Oct 6[86] 221,775 (89,749) 1,308 personnel
93%
Oct 7[87] 221,775 (89,749) 1,236 personnel
93%
Oct 8[88] 221,775 (89,749) 1,142 personnel
93%
Oct 9[89] 221,775 (89,749) 1,071 personnel
98%
Oct 10[90] 221,775 (89,749) 1,071 personnel
98%
Oct 11[91] 221,775 (89,749) 1,063 personnel
98%
Oct 12[92] 221,775 (89,749) 1,074 personnel
98%
Oct 13[93] 221,775 (89,749) 1,015 personnel
98%
Oct 14[94] 221,798 (89,758) 917 personnel
98%
Oct 15[95] 221,835 (89,773) 917 personnel
98%
Oct 16 ... ... ...
Oct 17[96] 221,835 (89,773) 681 personnel
98%
Oct 18[97] 221,835 (89,773) 669 personnel
98%
Oct 19[98] 221,835 (89,773) 651 personnel
98%
Oct 20[99] 221,835 (89,773) 586 personnel
98%
Oct 21[100] 221,835 (89,773) 526 personnel
100%

Gallery of post-fire effects

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Global Catastrophe Recap: October 2021 (PDF) (Report). Aon Benfield Inc. October 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
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  3. ^ Johnson, Julie (September 26, 2021). "The Caldor Fire destroyed nearly two-thirds of Grizzly Flats. Burned-out residents are determined to reclaim their town". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 17, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
  4. ^ "Caldor Fire Incident Information". InciWeb. September 5, 2021. Archived from the original on September 5, 2021. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
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  7. ^ Code of Federal Regulations: 1985-1999. Office of the Federal Register National Archived and Records Administration. p. 131.
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