1141
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1141 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1141 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1141 MCXLI |
| Ab urbe condita | 1894 |
| Armenian calendar | 590 ԹՎ ՇՂ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5891 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1062–1063 |
| Bengali calendar | 548 |
| Berber calendar | 2091 |
| English Regnal year | 6 Ste. 1 – 7 Ste. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1685 |
| Burmese calendar | 503 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6649–6650 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚申年 (Metal Monkey) 3838 or 3631 — to — 辛酉年 (Metal Rooster) 3839 or 3632 |
| Coptic calendar | 857–858 |
| Discordian calendar | 2307 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1133–1134 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4901–4902 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1197–1198 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1062–1063 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4241–4242 |
| Holocene calendar | 11141 |
| Igbo calendar | 141–142 |
| Iranian calendar | 519–520 |
| Islamic calendar | 535–536 |
| Japanese calendar | Hōen 7 / Eiji (era) 1 (永治元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1047–1048 |
| Julian calendar | 1141 MCXLI |
| Korean calendar | 3474 |
| Minguo calendar | 771 before ROC 民前771年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −327 |
| Seleucid era | 1452/1453 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1683–1684 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金猴年 (male Iron-Monkey) 1267 or 886 or 114 — to — 阴金鸡年 (female Iron-Rooster) 1268 or 887 or 115 |
Year 1141 (MCXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]- February 2 – The Anarchy in the Kingdom of England – Battle of Lincoln: Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester and Empress Matilda wrest control of the throne of England from King Stephen, who is captured and imprisoned.[1][2][3]
- February 13 – Géza II is crowned King of Hungary and Croatia at age 11, succeeding his father.[4][5]
- May 14 – Sephardi Jewish philosopher Judah Halevi sets off from Alexandria on a pilgrimage to Palestine.[6][7][8]
- September 9 – Battle of Qatwan: Yelü Dashi, founder of the Qara Khitai, defeats the Seljuk Empire and Kara-Khanid forces.[9][10][11]
- September 14 – The Anarchy in the Kingdom of England – Rout of Winchester: Empress Matilda returns to the throne, after Robert is captured by loyalist forces.[12][13][14]
- November 1 – The Anarchy in the Kingdom of England – Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester is exchanged by Empress Matilda for King Stephen, who reassumes the throne of England.[15][16][17]
- November – The Jin dynasty and Southern Song dynasty sign the Treaty of Shaoxing, and peace in the Jin–Song Wars lasts for the next twenty years. The Huai River is established as the boundary between them.[18][19][20]
- The first German colonists (the future Transylvanian Saxon community) arrive in Transylvania, following grants by Geza II of Hungary. The colonization process is completed in 1162.[21][22][23]
- The Italian winemaking company Ricasoli is founded.[24][25]
By topic
[edit]Religion
[edit]- April 1 – Alberic of Ostia, papal legate to Outremer, dedicated solemnly the Templum Domini in Jerusalem.[26]
- April 2 – In a legatine council convened by Alberic of Ostia in the Templum Domini, the claim of the Latin Patriarch of Antioch over the diocese of Tyre is rejected.[27] Also, a step towards church unity between the Armenian and Latin Church is achieved when the Armenian Catholicos Gregory III makes a profession of faith and promises to restore union with Rome, which is achieved at the end of the century.[28]
Births
[edit]- Malcolm IV, King of Scotland (d. 1165)[29][30]
- Nizami Ganjavi, Persian poet (d. 1209)[31][32][33] (Possibly 1140 or 1142)
Deaths
[edit]- February 11 – Hugh of Saint Victor, Saxon philosopher, theologian and mystic (b. c. 1078)[34][35][36]
- February 13 – Béla II, King of Hungary and Croatia (b. c. 1109)[37][38][39]
- April 12 or April 13 – Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia[40][41][42]
- May – Aubrey de Vere II, Lord Great Chamberlain of England (b. 1062)[43][44]
- June 10 – Richenza of Northeim, German empress (b. c. 1087/89)[45][46][47]
- October 18 – Leopold, Duke of Bavaria (b. c. 1108)[48][49][50]
- Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami, Persian Sufi writer, mystic and poet (b. 1048)[51][52][53]
- Judah Halevi, Sephardi Jewish philosopher and poet (b. c. 1075)[54][55][56]
- Alberich of Reims, Archbishop of Bourges (b. 1085)[57][58][59]
References
[edit]- ^ Verbruggen, J. F. (1997) [1954]. The Art of Warfare in Western Europe During the Middle Ages: From the Eighth Century to 1340. Translated by Wilard, Sumner; Southern, R. W. (Second ed.). Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer. p. 129. ISBN 9780851155708.
- ^ Bennett, Matthew (1998). The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient & Medieval Warfare. Chicago and London: Taylor & Francis. p. 192. ISBN 9781579581169.
- ^ Yoshitake, Kenji (June 1, 1988). "The arrest of the bishops in 1139 and its consequences". Journal of Medieval History. 14 (2): 97–114. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(88)90022-X. ISSN 0304-4181.
- ^ Bauer, S. Wise (2013). The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 154. ISBN 9780393059762.
- ^ Christie, Olav H. J.; Rácz, Anita; Elek, János; Héberger, Károly (2014). "Classification and unscrambling a class-inside-class situation by object target rotation: Hungarian silver coins of the Árpád Dynasty, ad 997–1301" (PDF). Journal of Chemometrics. 28 (4): 287–292. doi:10.1002/cem.2601. ISSN 1099-128X. S2CID 54977823. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
- ^ Ruud, Jay (2006). Encyclopedia of medieval Literature, Jay Ruud, 2006: Encyclopedia of medieval Literature. Facts on File Library of World Literature. New York: Facts on File. p. 355. ISBN 0-8160-5497-5.
- ^ Brann, Ross (2006). Menocal, María Rosa; Scheindlin, Raymond P.; Sells, Michael (eds.). The Literature of Al-Andalus. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 273. ISBN 9780521030236.
For example, in four poems written in 1141 as the anxious pilgrim awaited favorable gusts to take him by ship from Alexandria to the coast of northern Palestine
- ^ Goitein, Shelomo Dov (1959). "The Biography of Rabbi Judah Ha-Levi in the Light of the Cairo Geniza Documents". Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research. 28: 41–56. doi:10.2307/3622446. ISSN 0065-6798. JSTOR 3622446.
- ^ Biran, Michal (2005). The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 110. ISBN 9780521842266.
- ^ Sinor, D. (1999). "The Kitan and the Kara Khitay". In Asimov, Muchamed Sajfutdinovič; Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century (Part One: The historical, social and economic setting). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. p. 238. ISBN 9788120815957.
- ^ Hamilton, Alastair (January 1, 2016). "Prester John. The Legend and its Sources, written by Keagan Brewer (editor and translator)". Church History and Religious Culture. 96 (3): 379–380. doi:10.1163/18712428-09603008. ISSN 1871-2428.
- ^ Patterson, Robert B. (2018). The Earl, the Kings, and the Chronicler: Robert Earl of Gloucester and the Reigns of Henry I and Stephen. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192518675.
- ^ Heath, Ian (2016). Armies of Feudal Europe 1066-1300 (Second ed.). Cambridge, UK: Wargames Research Group. p. 117. ISBN 9781326686215.
- ^ Painter, Sidney (January 1932). "The Rout of Winchester". Speculum. 7 (1): 70–75. doi:10.2307/2848323. ISSN 0038-7134. JSTOR 2848323. S2CID 162197175.
- ^ Lancelott, Francis (1859). "Matilda of Bolougne, Queen of Stephen". The Queens of England and Their Times: From Matilda, Queen of William the Conqueror, to Adelaide, Queen of William the Fourth. Vol. I. New York: D. Appleton and Company. pp. 53–54.
- ^ Annals of England: A Senior Class Date-Book of English History. The Royal School Series. London, Edinburgh and New York: T. Nelson and Sons. 1875. p. 17.
- ^ Crouch, David (January 1, 1988). "Earl William of Gloucester and the end of the Anarchy: new evidence relating to the honor of Eudo Dapifer". The English Historical Review. CIII (CCCCVI): 69–75. doi:10.1093/ehr/CIII.CCCCVI.69. ISSN 0013-8266.
- ^ Gordon, Kim Hunter (2012). Breaking God's Flail: Chan Sculpture and the Death of a Great Khan in Song Dynasty Hechuan. Beijing: Kim Hunter Gordon. p. 15. ISBN 9787502256630.
- ^ San, Tan Koon (2014). Dynastic China: An Elementary History. Petaling Jaya: The Other Press. p. 289. ISBN 9789839541885.
- ^ Liu, Shi-Yee (January 2010). "Epitome of National Disgrace: A Painting Illuminating Song-Jin Diplomatic Relations". Metropolitan Museum Journal. 45: 55–82. doi:10.1086/met.45.41558052. ISSN 0077-8958. S2CID 155655394.
It was not until the autumn of 1141, after the Song army had scored a few significant victories, that the two states began negotiating a peace treaty, which was completed in October 1142. Although this Peace Treaty of the Shaoxing Era (Shaoxing heyi) ended the ravaging decade-long military conflict, the Song empire was degraded to a vassal state of the Jin in a hierarchical relationship defined as minister to ruler.
- ^ Radspieler, T. (1955). The Ethnic German Refugee in Austria 1945 to 1954. The Hague, Netherlands: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 23. ISBN 9789401179102.
- ^ Sigerus, Emil; Kiewe, Heinz Edgar (1977). Charted Peasant Designs from Saxon Transylvania. New York: Courier Corporation. p. 6. ISBN 9780486234250.
- ^ Koranyi, James; Wittlinger, Ruth (March 11, 2011). "From Diaspora to Diaspora: The Case of Transylvanian Saxons in Romania and Germany" (PDF). Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 17 (1): 96–115. doi:10.1080/13537113.2011.550248. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 22425866. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
Most academic literature on the topic suggests that the majority of early settlers colonized the area following a call by the Hungarian King Géza II (1141-1162) acting as "defenders" of Christianity and, later, of the Kingdom of Hungary.5
- ^ Montanari, Stefano; Di Toma, Paolo; Lazzini, Arianna (2012). "Entrepreneurial strategies and corporate governance: experiences from the Italian wine industry". Corporate Board. 8: 44–60.
Our analysis is focused on the wine industry in Italy and analyzes the case of Barone Ricasoli Spa an estate owned by the family Ricasoli since 1141.
- ^ Brincat, Ivan (February 3, 2016). "Barone Ricasoli: A visit to the oldest winery in Italy and the one which created the Chianti Classico". Food and Wine Gazette. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
The first stones of Brolio Castle date back to the middle ages. The castle passed into the hands of the Ricasoli family thanks to an exchange of lands in 1141.
- ^ Hamilton, Bernard; Jotischky, Andrew (October 22, 2020). Latin and Greek Monasticism in the Crusader States. Cambridge University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-521-83638-8. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
- ^ Lapina, Elizabeth; Morton, Nicholas (May 22, 2017). The Uses of the Bible in Crusader Sources. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-34121-0. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
- ^ Ryan, James D. (May 1, 2001). "Toleration Denied: Armenia between East and West in the Era of the Crusades". In Gervers, Michael; Powell, James M. (eds.). Tolerance and Intolerance: Social Conflict in the Age of the Crusades. Syracuse University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8156-2869-9. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
- ^ Potter, Philip J. (2009). Gothic Kings of Britain: The Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers, 1016-1399. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland. p. 141. ISBN 9780786452484.
- ^ Panton, James (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 314. ISBN 9780810874978.
- ^ Chelkowski, Peter J.; Ganǧawī, Ilyās Ibn-Yūsuf Niẓāmī (1975). Mirror of the Invisible World: Tales from the Khamseh of Nizami. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. iv, 2. ISBN 9780870991424.
1140 Nizami Ganjavi.
- ^ Tillett, Barbara B.; Klerk, Tienie de; Walt, Hester van der; Cristán, Ana Lupe (2008). IFLA Cataloguing Principles: Steps towards an International Cataloguing Code, 5: Report from the 5th IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Pretoria, South Africa, 2007. Series on Bibliographical Control. Vol. 35. Munich, Germany: Walter de Gruyter. p. 293. ISBN 9783598441028.
- ^ Elmeligi, Wessam (2018). "Narrative Fluidity: Intermedial Interpretation of the Persian Legend, Khosrow and Shirin: Abbas Kiarostami's film Shirin, Fredowsi's miniatures, and Nizami Ganjavi's 12th Century Epic, Khamsa". Image & Narrative. 19 (2): 105. Archived from the original on August 4, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
The first major creative narrative of the legend is a quintet by Nizami Ganji (1141-1209) entitled Khamsa or Panj Ganj (Five Treasures)
- ^ Grant, Edward (2007). A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 109. ISBN 9781139461092.
- ^ Deferrari, Roy J. (1951). Hugh of Saint Victor on the Sacraments of the Christian Faith (PDF). Cambridge, MA: The Medieval Academy of America. pp. ix. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
- ^ Rudolph, Conrad (2010). "Inventing the Gothic portal: Suger, Hugh of Saint Victor, and the construction of a new public art at Saint-Denis". Art History. 33 (4): 568–595. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8365.2010.00767.x. ISSN 0141-6790.
Hugh of Saint Victor (d. 1141), an early scholastic often described as the greatest theologian of Europe during his lifetime, was the leading scholar of the highly respected abbey of Saint Victor, an Augustinian house of canons regular on the left bank in Paris,
- ^ Fine, John Van Antwerp (2000) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 236. ISBN 9780472081493.
- ^ Vardy, Steven Bela (February 1, 1991). "Z. J. Kosztolnyik. From Coloman the Learned to Béla III (1095–1196): Hungarian Domestic Policies and Their Impact upon Foreign Affairs. (East European Monographs, number 220) Boulder, Colo.: East European Monographs; distributed by Columbia University Press, New York. 1987. Pp. 356. $38.00". The American Historical Review. 96 (1): 205–206. doi:10.1086/ahr/96.1.205. ISSN 0002-8762.
- ^ Rady, Martyn C.; Veszpremy, Laszlo; Bak, Janos M. (2010). Anonymus and Master Roger: The Deeds of the Hungarians. Epistle to the Sorrowful Lament upon the Destruction of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Tatars. Central European Medieval Texts. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press. pp. XXI. ISBN 9789639776951.
- ^ Loud, Graham A.; Schenk, Jochen (2017). The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians. New York and London: Taylor & Francis. pp. xxxii. ISBN 9781317022008.
- ^ Lyon, Jonathan (2012). "The Withdrawal of Aged Noblemen into Monastic Communities: Interpreting the Sources from Twelfth-Century Germany". In Classen, Albrecht (ed.). Old Age in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Interdisciplinary Approaches to a Neglected Topic. Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 147. ISBN 9783110925999.
- ^ Štih, P. (2010). "XV. The Beginnings Of Ljubljana And The Bavarian Nobility". The Middle Ages between the Eastern Alps and the Northern Adriatic. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 274–317. ISBN 9789004187702.
- ^ Saul, Nigel (2009). English Church Monuments in the Middle Ages: History and Representation. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780199606139.
- ^ Weis, Frederick Lewis; Beall, William Ryland (2006) [1955]. The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215: The Barons Named in the Magna Charta, 1215, and Some of Their Descendants who Settled in America During the Early Colonial Years (Fifth ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 186. ISBN 9780806316093.
- ^ Wilson, Peter H. (2016). Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 931. ISBN 9780674058095.
- ^ Oexle, Otto (1993). "Lignage et parenté, politique et religion dans la noblesse du XIIe s. : l'evangéliaire de Henri le Lion". Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale. 36 (144): 339–354. doi:10.3406/ccmed.1993.2568.
Richenza de Northeim (t 1141)
- ^ Brandt, Hartwin (2011). Genus & generatio: Rollenerwartungen und Rollenerfüllungen im Spannungsfeld der Geschlechter und Generationen in Antike und Mittelalter. Bamberger Historische Studien (in German). Vol. 6. Bamberg and Nuremberg: University of Bamberg Press. p. 214. ISBN 9783863090432.
- ^ Morby, John (2014). Dynasties of the World (Second ed.). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192518484.
- ^ Bradbury, Jim (2004). The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. London and New York: Routledge. p. 166. ISBN 9781134598472.
- ^ Lewis, Charlton Thomas (1878). A History of Germany, from the Earliest Times Founded on Dr. David Müllerʼs History of the German People by Charlton T. Lewis. New York: Harper. p. 185.
- ^ Moayyad, Heshmat; Lewis, Franklin (2004). The Colossal Elephant and His Spiritual Feats: Shaykh Ahmad-e Jām : the Life and Legend of a Popular Sufi Saint of 12th Century Iran. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers. p. 14. ISBN 9781568591193.
- ^ Manz, Beatrice Forbes (2007). Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 224. ISBN 9781139462846.
- ^ Mahendrarajah, Shivan (January 1, 2016). "A Revised History of Mongol, Kart, and Timurid Patronage of the Shrine of Shaykh Al-Islam Ahmad-I Jam". Iran. 54 (2): 107–128. doi:10.1080/05786967.2016.11879216. ISSN 0578-6967. S2CID 192374570.
- ^ Berdichevsky, Micah Joseph (1990). Mimekor Yisrael: Selected Classical Jewish Folktales. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. p. 178. ISBN 9780253205889.
- ^ Bronner, Leila Leah (2011). Journey to Heaven: Exploring Jewish Views of the Afterlife. Jerusalem and New York: Urim Publications. p. 107. ISBN 9789655241006.
- ^ Scheindlin, Raymond P. (2008). The Song of the Distant Dove: Judah Halevi's Pilgrimage. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780195315424.
- ^ Connell, Charles W. (2016). Popular Opinion in the Middle Ages: Channeling Public Ideas and Attitudes. Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture. Vol. 18. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 105. ISBN 9783110432398.
- ^ Bumke, Joachim (1991) [1986]. Courtly Culture: Literature and Society in the High Middle Ages. Berkeley, CA, Los Angeles, CA and Oxford: University of California Press. pp. 69. ISBN 9780520066342.
1141 Alberich of Reims.
- ^ Stegmüller, F. (1939). "Sententiae Berolinenses: Eine neugefundene Sentenzensammlung aus der Schule des Anselm von Laon". Recherches de Théologie Ancienne et Médiévale. 11: 33–61. ISSN 0034-1266. JSTOR 26184102.