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Fig.2. Double-clad fiber with rectangular inner cladding

File:Nanoscope figure.PNG

Fig.4. Nanoscope

File:SelfPulsed.png

Fig.5. Self-pulsation and oscillator Toda

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Physical concepts

active laser medium#Model of a gain medium, ${\frac {A}{A_{0}}}+{\frac {G}{G_{0}}}=1$
active mirror, mirror with reflection coefficient larger than unity, Fig.1.
ambiguity#Physics and mathematics, (example: Number of combined lasers cannot exceed 10⁶)
atomic nanoscope, atom optics imaging system with submicron resolution, Fig.4
coherent addition, possible way of power scaling of fiber lasers
disk laser laser based in active mirror (actually it the same article), FIg.1.
double-clad fiber, fiber laser with longitudinal multi-mode pumping, FIg.2.
fiber disk laser, fiber laser with transversal delivery of pump
filling factor, characteristic of shape of a double-clad fiber
fill factor, ratio of duration of the signal to the period
Gain (lasers) $G=N_{2}\sigma _{\rm {e}}-N_{1}\sigma _{\rm {a}}$
Generalized function, $\delta (x)\!~{\rm {sign}}(x)+{\rm {sign}}(x)\!~\delta (x)=0$
Interferometric microscopy, get good resolution with low NA optics
McCumber relation, ${\frac {\sigma _{\rm {a}}(\omega )}{\sigma _{\rm {e}}(\omega )}}=\exp \left(\hbar {\frac {\omega -\omega _{\rm {z}}}{k_{\rm {B}}T}}\right)$
oscillator Toda, $~{\ddot {x}}+(u+v{\rm {e}}^{x}){\dot {x}}+({\rm {e}}^{x}-1)=0~$
overheating, device (or a body) becomes too hot and cannot act as well
photodarkening, unwanted photoinduced absorption in laser media.
power scaling, making a VERY POWERFUL laser
quantum reflection, reflection of atoms from solid-state mirrors
ridged mirror, mirrors made of set of absorbers, Fig.3.
round-trip gain, product of gain to path of light in gain medium
self-pulsation, transient phenomenon in lasers, Fig.5.
thermal shock and thermal loading, disfunction due to overheating
Zeno effect, suppression of transition by its observation