Wu-style tai chi

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Wu-style tai chi (Chinese: 吳氏太极拳; pinyin: Wúshì tàijíquán) is one of the five main styles of tai chi. It is second in popularity after Yang-style,^[1] and the fourth-oldest of the five major tai chi styles.^[2] It was developed by Wu Quanyou and Wu Jianquan.

Wu Quanyou was a military officer cadet of Manchu ancestry in the Yellow Banner camp (see Qing Dynasty Military) in the Forbidden City, Beijing and also a hereditary officer of the Imperial Guards Brigade.^[3] At that time, Yang Luchan was the martial arts instructor in the Imperial Guards, teaching tai chi, and in 1850 Wu Quanyou became one of his students.^[2]

In 1870, Wu Jianquan was asked to become the senior disciple of Yang Banhou, Yang Luchan's oldest adult son, and an instructor as well to the Manchu military.^[4][2] Wu Quanyou had three primary disciples: his son Wu Jianquan, Wang Maozhai and Guo Fen.^[5]

Wu Quanyou's son, Wu Jianquan, grandsons Wu Gongyi and Wu Kung-tsao, and granddaughter Wu Yinghua were well-known teachers.^[3]

Wu Jianquan became the most widely known teacher in his family, and is therefore considered the co-founder of the Wu style by his family and their students.^[6] He taught large numbers of people and his refinements to the art more clearly distinguish Wu style from Yang style training.^[6]

Wu Jianquan moved his family south from Beijing (where an important school founded by other students of his father is headquartered, popularly known as the Northern Wu style) to Shanghai in 1928, where he founded the Jianquan Taijiquan Association (鑑泉太極拳社) in 1935.^[3]

Wu Gongyi then moved the family headquarters to Hong Kong in 1948, while His younger sister Wu Yinghua and her husband Ma Yueliang stayed behind to manage the original Shanghai school.^[7]

Between 1983 and her death in 1996 Wu Yinghua was the highest-ranked instructor in the Wu family system. Her descendants continue teaching and today manage the Shanghai school as well as schools in Europe:

• Ma Hai Long is the current head of the Shanghai Jianquan Taijiquan Association.
• Ma Jiangbao (1941-2016) lived in the Netherlands and taught traditional tai chi throughout Europe.
• Her granddaughter Dr. Jin Ye lives and teaches in England.
• Her adopted daughter Shi Meilin now lives and teaches Wu-style tai chi in New Zealand, with students also in France and The United States.

Wu Gongyi's children were also full-time martial art teachers:

• His son Wu Ta-k'uei was active in the resistance to the Japanese invasion of China, yet he later taught tai chi in Japan after the war.^[4]
• His younger brother, Wu Daqi, supervised the family's Hong Kong and southeast Asian schools for many years and opened the family's first western hemisphere school in Toronto, Canada in 1974.
• His daughter, Wu Yanxia, was known as an expert with the tai chi jian (sword).
• His cousin, Wu Daxin, was also known as a weapons specialist, particularly with the tai chi Dao.^[8]

The Wu style's distinctive hand form, pushing hands and weapons trainings emphasize parallel footwork and horse stance training with the feet relatively closer together than the modern Yang or Chen styles, small circle hand techniques (although large circle techniques are trained as well) and differs from the other tai chi family styles martially with Wu style's initial focus on grappling, throws (Shuai jiao), tumbling, jumping, footsweeps, pressure point leverage and joint locks and breaks, which are trained in addition to more conventional tai chi sparring and fencing at advanced levels.^[6]

1st Generation

• Wu Quanyou (吳全佑, 1834-1902), who learned from Yang Luchan and Yang Banhou, was senior instructor of the family from 1870–1902.

2nd generation

• His oldest son, Wu Jianquan (1870-1942), was senior from 1902–1942.

3rd Generation

• His oldest son, Wu Gongyi (1900-1970), was senior from 1942–1970.
• Wu Gongyi's younger brother, Wu Gongzao (1903-1983), was senior from 1970–1983.
• Wu Gongyi's younger sister, Wu Yinghua ({1907-1997), was senior from 1983–1997.

4th Generation

• Wu Gongyi's daughter, Wu Yanxia (1930-2001) was senior from 1997–2001.
• Wu Gongzao's son, Wu Daxin (1933-2005), was senior from 2001–2005.

5th Generation

• The current senior instructor of the Wu family is Wu Ta-k'uei's son Wu Kuang-yu (born 1946).

• 108-form Wu family tai chi
• Wu-style tai chi fast form
• List of tai chi forms
• Silk reeling
• Wudang tai chi

• Tina Chunna Zhang, Frank Allen (2006). Classical Northern Wu Style Tai Ji Quan. Blue Snake Books. ISBN 978-1-58394-154-6

• http://www.wustyle.com/ International Wu Style Tai Chi Chuan Federation website
• Taijiquan and the search for the little old Chinese man 2003 by Adam Dean Frank, Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas Digital Repository^{[dead link‍]}